جنس دوم در فلسفه شوپنهاور و نگاه نقادانه اسلام بر آن
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعهعلی حسینی 1 , فریبا دیده وری 2
1 - استادیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه یاسوج
2 - کارشناسی ارشد فلسفه دانشگاه یاسوج
کلید واژه: اسلام, فمینیسم, شوپنهاور, متافیزیک, هرمنوتیک,
چکیده مقاله :
با بررسی و تحلیل نقد اجتماعی شوپنهاور درباره زن و تأکید بر مقاله او "در باب زنان" که نقطه عزیمت بحث ماست، این پرسش مطرح می‌شود که آیا شوپنهاور وجود زن را مورد نقد قرار داده یا شرایط زندگیاش را؟ و این‌که در قیاس نظرات این فیلسوف با آموزه‌های اسلامی چه نتایجی بدست میآید؟ از این رو، روش این پژوهش از نوع روش کیفی با استفاده از مطالعه هرمنوتیکی شخصیت و متون شوپنهاور می‌باشد که برای فهم بهتر، نوشته‌های ایشان به گونه مستقیم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت‌اند وآرای مفسران وی در این زمینه دخالت داده نشده است. در راستای نظر اندیشمندان و پژوهشگران معاصر درباره "جنس دوم"، و تفاوت روشن و معنی دار میان فمینیسم فلسفیو فمنیسم حقوقی می‌توان گفت که اگرچه نگاهی که "فیلسوف بدبین" به زن داشته به نوعی در بدبینی زیست حیاتی و متافیزیکی وی ریشه دارد، اما به گونه مشخص به ابتدای تفکر فلسفیاش- شرایط زندگی- برمی‌گردد و در واقع، نگاه ایشان به زن، نگاهی حقوقی است تا نگاهی فلسفی. بنابراین، با عطف توجه به نظرگاه غرب و اسلام به شخصیت زن، دو نوع نگاه متفاوت لحاظ شده است، یکی؛ نگاه دینی و دیگری نگاه مادی در ابعاد فلسفی و حقوقی زن بدین معنی که اسلام بیش‌تر با دیدی متافیزیکی و گه‌گاه عاطفی به زن مینگرد و غرب با دیدی غریزی و گه‌گاه حقوقی و به گونه طبیعی شوپنهاور نیز تا حد زیادی متأثر از نگاه غربی است.
The study has been conducted on the basis of studying and analyzing Schopenhauer's social criticism on the women’s issue and emphasizing his article about women. The starting point of our discussion begins with the question whether Schopenhauer generally criticized women’s existence or their life conditions. However, what results can be achieved from Islamic teachings in comparison with the views of the philosopher. using the philosophical and hermeneutical analysis method, offering some contemporary scholars and researchers' views on issues of feminism school and relying on the clear and significant difference between legal and philosophical feminism, it can be said that the pessimistic philosopher’s views came from his metaphysical pessimism and specifically refer to the beginning of his philosophical thought. In fact, his views on the women’s issues have more legal perspective than a philosophical one. So, with a focus on the outlooks of Islam and the West on the women’s personality, two different views have been expressed: Islam holds a metaphysical and sometimes emotional view on the women’s issues but the West takes an instinctive and sometimes legal view on the women’ issues, also Schopenhauer is greatly influenced by the Western outlook. Therefore, this article attempted to assess and comment on the theories of Schopenhauer.by expressing his and Islamic views about women’s issues.
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