مدلسازی عوامل مؤثّر بر ایجاد تبعیض جنسیّتی در مدیریّت ورزش کشور از دیدگاه کارکنان اداره کل ورزش و جوانان استان یزد
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سید امین دهقان بنادکی
1
,
قاسم زارع
2
,
مجتبی احمدی نسب
3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت ورزشی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،یزد،ایران
2 - مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد مرودشت، مرودشت، ایران
3 - کارشناسی ارشد، مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: تبعیض جنسیّتی, مدیریّت ورزش, ادارات ورزش و جوانان,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این تحقیق مدلسازی عوامل مؤثّر بر ایجاد تبعیض جنسیّتی در مدیریّت ورزش کشور از دیدگاه کارکنان اداراه ورزش و جوانان استان یزد بود. این تحقیق به‌لحاظ نحوهی گردآوری دادهها توصیفی و از نوع پیمایشی می‌باشد، همچنین از لحاظ ماهیّت و هدف اجرا کاربردی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیّه کارکنان ادارات ورزش و جوانان استان یزد بودند، که تعداد آنها 251 نفر در سال 1398 بود، با توجّه به محدود‌بودن تعداد جامعه به‌منظور مدلسازی مورد نظر در پژوهش، تعداد کلّ جامعه به‌عنوان نمونه در نظر گرفته شد. ابزار گردآوری دادهها در این تحقیق پرسشنامه‌ی محقّق‌ساخته بود که روایی صوری آن توسط 8 تن از اساتید صاحب‌نظر و روایی سازه آن توسط تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و پایایی آن از طریق روش آلفای کرونباخ 0.85 تأیید گردید. براساس نتایج آزمون مدل تحقیق به‌ترتیب عوامل اجتماعی، فرهنگی، سیّاسی و قانونی، سازمانی، شخصیّتی و فردی در ایجاد تبعیض جنسیّتی در سازمان‌های ورزشی مؤثّر می‌باشند. در انتخاب مدیران ارشد در سازمان‌های ورزشی باید انتخاب براساس توانایی و کارایی افراد، در اولویّت قرار داشته باشد.
The aim of this study is modeling the factors affecting gender discrimination in sports management from the viewpoint of the staff Sport and Youth Organizations of yazd. In terms of data collection, this research is descriptive and its type a survey. It is also applicable in terms of the nature and purpose of the program. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the Sport and Youth Organizations of yazd, whose number was 251 people in 1397. Given the limited number of the persons of the community for the modeling in the research, the total number of community members was considered as the sample. The data gathering tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose factual validity was confirmed by 8 faculty members of Sport Management and its structure validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha 0.85 method. The results of the research model showed that social, cultural, political and legal, organizational, personality and individual factors are –in descending order- effective in creating gender discrimination in sport organizations. It is suggested that choosing senior managers in sports organizations should be selected on the basis of the ability and performance of the individuals.
- Acosta RV, Carpenter LJ. (2006). Women in Intercollegiate Sport: A Longitudinal, National Study. Twenty Nine Year Update, 1977-2006. Human Kinetics Journals; 13(1): 62-89
- Ahmadi Kohanali, Reza; Behboodi, Mohammad Reza; Jam Jour, Tahereh (2013). Barriers to women's access to managerial positions from the perspective of women managers (qualitative study in Bandar Abbas), Women in Development and Politics, Volume 11, Number 3, pp. 349-333. (PERSIAN)
- Baron, R.A., & Neuman, J.H. (1996). Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence on their relative frequency and potential causes. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression; 22(3):161-73.
- Bobbitt-Zeher, D. (2011). Gender discrimination at work: Connecting gender stereotypes, institutional policies, and gender composition of workplace. Gender & Society; 25(6):764-86.
- Claringbould, I., & Knoppers, A. (2007). Finding a ‘normal’woman: Selection processes for board membership. Sex roles; 56(7-8):495-507.
- Cunningham, G.B. (2008). Creating and sustaining gender diversity in sport organizations. Sex Roles; 58(1-2):136-45.
- Deshpande, V.M. (2016). Gender discrimination in sports. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health; 3(3): 545-547
- Ensher E.A., Grant‐Vallone E.J., & Donaldson S.I. (2001). Effects of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and grievances. Human resource development quarterly; 12(1):53-72.
- Fink, J.S. (2008). Gender and sex diversity in sport organizations: Concluding comments. Sex Roles; 58(1-2):146-7.
- Fink, J.S., Pastore, D.L., & Riemer H.A. (2001). Do differences make a difference? Managing diversity in Division IA intercollegiate athletics. Journal of Sport Management; 15(1):10-50.
- Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2007). Sex discrimination: The psychological approach. In F. J. Crosby, M. S. Stockdale, & S. A. Ropp (Eds.), Sex discrimination in the workplace: Multidisciplinary perspectives (pp. 155-187). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
- Gutek, B.A., Cohen, A.G., & Tsui, A. (1996). Reactions to perceived sex discrimination. Human relations; 49(6):791-813.
- Hosseinpour, Mohammad; Hajipour, Bahman; Hosseinian, Elham (2012). Barriers to women's access to intermediate and senior management levels. Journal of Women and Culture, 4 (14): 43-54. (PERSIAN)
- Kim, S. (2014). The effect of gender discrimination in organization. International Review of Public Administration; 20(1): 51-69.
- Klonoff, E.A., Landrine, H., & Campbell R. (2000). Sexist discrimination may account for well-known gender differences in psychiatric symptoms. Psychology of Women Quarterly; 24(1):93-9.
- Leaper, C., & Brown C.S. (2008). Perceived experiences with sexism among adolescent girls. Child development; 79(3):685-704.
- Mousavi Rad, Seyedeh Tahereh; Farahani, Abolfazl; Bayat, Parivash (2016). Prioritizing Obstacles to Women's Management in Sports through Hierarchical Analysis (AHP), Applied Research in Sports Management, Fifth Year, No. 1, pp. 108-101. (PERSIAN)
- Padavic I., & Reskin BF. (2002). Women and men at work. SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Pike, E., White, A., Matthews, J., Southon, S., & Piggott L. (2018). Women and Sport Leadership: A Case Study of a Development Programme. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Feminism and Sport, Leisure and Physical Education (pp. 809-823). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
- Safari, Khadijeh (2016). Investigating the feeling of gender discrimination between faculty members and the factors affecting it, Iranian Higher Education, 6 (3): 31-62. (PERSIAN)
- Sartore, M.L., & Cunningham, G.B (2007). Ideological gender beliefs, identity control and self-limiting behavior within sport organizations. Quest; 59:244-65.
- Shaw, S., & Frisby, W (2006). Can gender equity be more equitable? : Promoting an alternative frame for sport management research, education, and practice. Journal of Sport Management; 20(4):483-509.
- Shibley, H.J., & Kling K.C (2001). Women, motivation, and achievement. Psychology of women quarterly; 25(4):364-78.
- Shim, D.C., Kwon, Y.S., Park, H.H., & Hwang, S.W (2011). Linking pay-for-performance system with performance improvement: The role of fairness, organizational resources, and leader/managerial engagement. International Review of Public Administration1; 16(2):49-69.
- Simmons K. (2011). Women in Top Management Positions in the Sport Industry: Breaking Down the Barriers and Stereotypes. Fisher Digital Publication.
- Swim, J.K., Hyers, L.L., Cohen, L.L., & Ferguson M.J. (2001). Everyday sexism: Evidence for its incidence, nature, and psychological impact from three daily diary studies. Journal of Social Issues; 57(1):31-53.
- Teetzel, S., & Weaving C. (2017). Gender Discrimination in Sport in the 21st Century: A Commentary on Trans-Athlete Exclusion in Canada from a Sociohistorical Perspective. Sport History Review; 48(2):185-93.
- Yaghoubi Hashjin, Seyed Fatemeh, Elahi, Tahereh (2013). The Impact of Perceived Sexual Discrimination on Women's Mental Health. Women's Psychological Social Studies, 11 (3), 7-26. (PERSIAN)
_||_