بررسی تأثیر مداخله ذهن آگاهی مبتنی بر کاهش استرس بر سازگاری زناشویی، کیفیت رابطه والد- فرزندی و شفقت‌ورزی به خود در کارکنان زن دانشگاه شیراز
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
1 - هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز آباده
2 - مشاوره خانواده. دانشکده علوم انسانی. پیام نور اصفهان
کلید واژه: سازگاری زناشویی, زنان شاغل, ذهن آگاهی مبتنی بر کاهش استرس, رابطه والد- فرزند, شفقت‌ورزی به خود,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش بررسی تأثیر مداخله ذهن آگاهی مبتنی بر کاهش استرس بر سازگاری زناشویی، کیفیت رابطه والد- فرزندی و شفقت‌ورزی به خود در کارکنان زن دانشگاه شیراز در سال 1398 بود. پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه آزمایشی، با شیوه پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه مورد مطالعه تمامی کارکنان زن دانشگاه شیراز بود که بر اساس روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، تعداد 40 نفر انتخاب شدند. 20 نفر در گروه آزمایش و 20 نفر در گروه کنترل به صورت تصادفی جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش، برنامه ذهن آگاهی مبتنی بر کاهش استرس را در 8 جلسه دریافت کردند. در حالی‌که برای گروه کنترل این آموزش ارائه نشد. از مقیاس سازگاری زناشویی، مقیاس رابطه والد- فرزند و پرسشنامه شفقت به خود استفاده شد. یافته‌های به دست آمده از تحلیل کواریانس چند متغیری نشان داد که مداخله ذهن آگاهی مبتنی بر کاهش استرس بر ابعاد رضایت زوجی، توافق زوجی و ابراز محبت زوجی در مقیاس سازگاری زناشویی تأثیر معناداری داشت. در مقیاس رابطه والد- فرزندی نیز، مداخله مورد نظر، بر زیر مقیاس وابستگی و تعارض تأثیر معناداری داشت و یافته‌ها تأثیر این مداخله را بر ابعاد بهوشیاری، همانندسازی افراطی، اشتراکات انسانی و انزوا در مقیاس شفقت خود نشان دادند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشانگر اهمیت ذهن آگاهی به عنوان یکی از مداخله‌های مؤثر در رابطه با سازگاری زناشویی، تعامل رابطه والد- فرزند و شفقت‌ورزی به خود است.
The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on marital adjustment, parent-child relationship quality, and self-compassion among female staff of Shiraz University in 1398. The present study was based on semi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population was all female employees of Shiraz University who were selected based on available sampling method and among them, 40 individuals were selected based on available sampling method. Then, 20 subjects in the experimental group and 20 in the control group were randomly assigned. The experimental group received the mindfulness-based stress reduction program in eight sessions. While the control group did not receive this training. Research instruments included the Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale and the Compassion-Self Scale.
According to the findings, mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention had a significant effect on the dimensions of Dyadic Satisfaction, Dyadic consensus and Dyadic Affectional expression of the Marital Adjustment Scale. On the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, the intervention had a significant effect on the conflict and dependency subscale of Pianta scale. The findings also showed the effect of this intervention on mindfulness, over-identification , common humanity and isolation of Self-Compassion Scale. The findings of study indicate the importance of mindfulness as one of the essential components of marital adjustment, parent-child interaction, and self-compassion, thus reducing stress on female employees.
-Abareshi, Z., Tahmasian, K., Mazaheri, M., A., & Panaghi, L. (2009). The Impact of Psychosocial Child Development Training Program, Done through Improvement of Mother-Child Interaction, on Parental Self-Efficacy and Relationship between Mother and Child under Three. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 3, 3, 49-57.
-Abbott, P., & Wallace, C. (1990). An introduction to sociology: Feminist perspective, London, Routledge.
-Alizadeh, H. (2004). Parent-Child Interaction: Evolution and Pathology. Journal of Psychological Research, 12.
-Altmaier, E., & Maloney, R. (2007). An initial evaluation of a mindful parenting program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 1231–1238.
-Azizi, M & Gholizadeh, M. (2016). The effectiveness of mindfulness on marital adjustment in couples in Tabriz, National Conference on Knowledge and Technology of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Comprehensive Psychology of Iran, Tehran.
-Bögels, S., & Restifo, K. (2014). Mindful parenting: a guide for mental health practitioners. New York: Springer.
-Bögels, S. M., Hellemans, J., van Deursen, S., Romer, M., & van der Meulen, R. (2013). Mindful parenting in mental health care: effects on parental and child psychopathology, parental stress, parenting, co-parenting and marital functioning. Journal of Mindfulness,5(5), 536-551.
-Burpee, L. C., & Langer, E. J. (2005). Mindfulness and marital satisfaction. Journal of Adult Development, (12)1, 43-51.
-Cassidy, E. L.‚ Atherton, R. J.‚ Robertson, & N‚et al. (2012). Mindfulness‚Functioning and catastrophizing after multidisciplinary Pain management for chronic low back pain. Journal of Pain,153, 3, 644-650.
-Crane, R. (2009). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. London: Routledge publication.
-Douglas, C. J., Timpe, Z., Nix, R. L. Duncan, L. G., & Greenberg, M. T. (2018). Changes in Mindful Parenting: Association With Changes in Parenting, Parent–Youth Relationship Quality, and Youth Behavior. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 9(4).
-Dumas, J. (2005). Mindfulness-based parent training: strategies to lessen the grip of automaticity in families with disruptive children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 779–791.
-Falkenstrom, F. (2010). Studying Mindfulness in Experienced Meditators: A Quasi- Experimental Approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(4), 305-310.
-Foruzesh Yekta, Y., yaghubi, H., Mootabi, F., Roshan, R., Gholami fesharaki, M., Omidi, A. (2018). The effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on distress Psychology, emotion regulation and adaptive women's marital satisfaction. Journal of Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies, 8, 31,67-90.
-Gambrel, L. E., Piercy, F. P. (2015). "Mindfulness based Relationship Education for Couples Expecting their First Child- Part 1: A Randomized Mixed Methods Program Evaluation. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 41, 1, 5–24, doi: 10.1111/jmft.12066.
-Gazer, A., & Esmaili, M. (2017). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on self-compassion for women with asthma. International Conference on New Horizons in Educational Sciences, Psychology and Social Pathology, Tehran.
-Godfrin, K., & Heeringen, C. (2010). The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on recurrence of depressive episodes, mental health and quality of life: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Behavior Research and Therapy, 48, 738-746.
-Haj Abol Zade, N. (2008). investigating the effect of teaching communicational skills with cognitive behavioral approach on the degree of couples’ marital satisfaction living in town of Karaj. Tehran: Alzahra Unviesity; (dissertation).
-Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness Based Interventions in Context: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 10(2):144 - 156
-Khaddouma,A., Gordon,K.C., Strand,E. B. (2016). Mindful Mates: A Pilot Study of the Relational Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Participants and Their Partners. Journal of Family Process, 56, 3 doi: 10.1111/famp.12226
-khanzadeh, M., Edrisi, F., Mohamadkhani, Sh., & Saidiyan, M. (2013). Investigating the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the scale of emotional schema On students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 92-119.
-Lindsay, E. K., Chin, B., Greco, C. M., Young, S., Brown, K. W., Wright, A. G. C., Smyth, J. M., Burkett, D., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). How mindfulness training promotes positive emotions: Dismantling acceptance skills training in two randomized controlled trials. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(6), 944–973. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000134.
-Mansour,S., Givi,F., Yazdanfar, T., Sabet, & M., Bahrani, M., (2016). "The Efficacy of Cognitive Mindfulness Treatment in Decreasing Irrational Communicative Beliefs of Couples of Tehran City: An Independent Project". The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3, 4, 58.
-McGill, J., Baeder, F., & Rodriguez, P. (2016). "Mindfully in Love: A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Mindfulness and Relationship Satisfaction". Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 4(1).132-145
-Memar, E., Keshavarzi, F., Emamipoor, S., & Golshani, F. (2014). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based parenting education on mothers' emotional self-regulation and externalized problems of adolescent girls. International Conference on Behavioral Sciences and Social Studies, 1-14.
-Momeni, F., Shahidi, Sh., Mootabi, F., & Heydari, M. (2014). Psychometric properties of a Farsi version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Journal of Contemporary Psychology, 8(2), 27-40.
-Neece, C. L. (2014). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Parents of Young Children with Developmental Delays: Implications for Parental Mental Health and Child Behavior Problems. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27: 174–186.
-Neff, K. D. (2009). Self- compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 561-573). New York: Guilford Press.
-Neff, K. D. (2003).The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Journal of Self and Identity, 2, 223-250.
-Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self- compassion and its link to adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139-154.
-Parent, J., Garai, E., Forehand, R., Roland, E., Potts, J., & Haker, K. (2011). Parent mindfulness and child outcome: the roles of parent depressive symptoms and parenting. Mindfulness, 1, 254–264.
-Pianta, R. C. (1994). Patterns of relationships between children and kindergarten teacher. Journal of school psychology, 32, 15-32.
-Pei. (2011). The Relation between Parent-Child Attachment, Child-Rearing Behaviors, and Aggression in Childhood and Adolescence. Master’s Thesis, The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Brandeis University, Department of Psychology.
-Pruitt, I. T., & McCollum, E. E. (2010). Voices of experienced mediators: The impact of meditation practice on intimate relationships. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 32(2),135–154.
-Rajabi, Gh. R., & Sotodeh Navrodi, S. O. (2011). A Study of Impact of Group Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy on Depression Reduction and Increase of Marital Satisfaction in Married Women. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 8, 20.
-Sanai, B., Alaghband, S., & Hooman, A. (2008). Family and marriage scales. Edition 2. Tehran, Besat.
-Sharafi, M. R. (1995). Balanced family (family anatomy). Tehran: Parents and Teachers Association Publications.
-Singh,N. N., Singh, A. N., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, J.,Winton, A. S.W.,& Adkins, A. D. (2009). Mindfulness training for parents and their children with ADHD increases the children’s compliance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 157–166.
-Sirois, F. M. (2015). A self- regulation resource model of self compassion and health behavior intentions emerging adults. Journal of Prev Med Rep: 2: 218- 222.
-Spanier, G.B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15–28.
-Siu, Angela F.Y., Ma, Ying, & Chui, Wing Ying (2016). Maternal mindfulness and child social Behavior: the mediating role of the mother-child relationship. Journal of Mindfulness.7 (3) : 577-583
-Taheri, S., & Sajjadian, I. (2017). Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy on Fatigue Symptoms, Self-Compassion and Mindfulness on Staff with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling, 9, 30, 145-171.
-van der Oord, S., Bogels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2012). The effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with ADHD and mindful parenting for their parents. Journal of Child Family Study, 21, 139–147.
-Varvogli, L., & Darviri, C. (2011). Stress Management Techniques: evidence-based procedures that reduce stress and promote health. Journal of Health Science Journal, 5(2), 74-89.
-Wasson, R.S., Barratt, C. & O’Brien, W.H. (2020). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Self-compassion in Health Care Professionals: a Meta-analysis. Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01342-5
_||_