تبیین سناریوهای اثرگذار هوشمندسازي بر تاب‌آوري اقتصادي خانوارهاي روستايي در مواجهه با تغييرات اقليمي با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان‌های فردوس، بشرویه و سرایان)
نبی الله طاهری
1
(
گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران ایران
)
علی اکبر عنابستانی
2
(
گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران ایران
)
پگاه مریدسادات
3
(
گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران ایران
)
کلید واژه: آینده‌پژوهی, پیشران‌ها, هوشمندسازی, تاب‌آوری اقتصادی, سناریو ویزارد, خراسان جنوبی ,
چکیده مقاله :
تدوین سناریوهایی که زمینه تحقق هوشمندسازی روستاها و تاثیرات آن بر تاب‌آوری اقتصادی خانوارهای روستایی در مواجهه با تغییرات اقلیمی را فراهم می‌سازد باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. در این پژوهش، با مشارکت مدیران، مسئولان و خبرگان دانشگاهی، پیشران‌های کلیدی و تأثیرگذار هوشمندسازی و اثرات آن بر تاب‌آوری اقتصادی در مواجهه به تغییرات اقلیمی خانوارهای روستایی سه شهرستان (فردوس، سرایان و بشرویه) شناسایی‌شده و درنهایت سناریوهای مؤثر بر هوشمندسازی تدوین می‌شود. این پژوهش همچنین ازنظر هدف کاربردی و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. روش گردآوری داده‌ها و اطلاعات به‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای، اسنادی و پیمایشی (مصاحبه) بود. با بررسی منابع علمی، 50 عامل تأثیرگذار هوشمندسازی بر تاب‌آوری اقتصادی در مواجهه با تغییرات اقلیمی شناسایی شدند که در دو بعد دسته‌بندی شدند. درمجموع، 25 نفر از مدیران سازمان‌های مرتبط و متخصصان دانشگاهی مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس تکنیک‌های آینده‌پژوهی انجام شد، ازجمله تحلیل ساختار و تحلیل اثرات متقابل با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای (Micmac و Scenario wizard). نتایج نشان دادند که 51 سناریو با سازگاری ضعیف و تنها یک سناریو با سازگاری قوی و پایدار (ناسازگاری صفر) وجود دارد. سناریوی اول که یک سناریو با جهت مثبت است، دارای مجموع امتیاز اثر متقابل 669 و ارزش سازگاری 4 است. درحالی‌که سناریوی دوم که سناریوی نامطلوب است، دارای مجموع امتیاز اثر متقابل منفی 110 و ارزش سازگاری 5 است. سناریوی سوم (پابرجا) نیز دارای ارزش سازگاری 1- بوده و با مجموع امتیاز اثر متقابل 62 می‌تواند یکی از سناریوهای محتمل برای آینده هوشمندسازی موثر بر تاب‌آوری اقتصادی در مواجهه با تغییرات اقلیمی باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Therefore, the formulation of scenarios that enable the realization of rural smartening and its impacts on the economic resilience of rural households in facing climate change must be prioritized. In this study, with the participation of managers, officials, and academic experts, the key drivers and influential factors of smartening and its effects on economic resilience in confronting climate change in rural households of three counties (Ferdows, Sarayan, and Boshrouyeh) were identified. Subsequently, effective scenarios for smartening were developed. The research is applied in terms of purpose and employs a descriptive–analytical method. Data and information were collected through library resources, documentary studies, and surveys (interviews). Based on the review of scientific sources, 50 influencing factors of smartening on economic resilience under climate change conditions were identified and categorized into two dimensions. In total, 25 managers of related organizations and academic specialists were interviewed. The results revealed 51 scenarios with weak consistency and only one scenario with strong and sustainable consistency (zero inconsistency). The first scenario, which is a favorable one, had a total cross-impact score of 669 and a consistency value of 4. In contrast, the second scenario, which is unfavorable, had a total negative cross-impact score of 110 and a consistency value of 5. The third (stable) scenario obtained a consistency value of –1, with a total cross-impact score of 62, and could be considered one of the plausible future scenarios of smartening with effective impacts on economic resilience in the face of climate change.
1. Abebaw, D., Admassie, A., Kassa, H., & Padoch, C. (2020). Can rural outmigration improve household food security? Empirical evidence from Ethiopia. World Development, 129, 104879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104879
2. Adamowicz, M., & Zwolińska-Ligaj, M. (2020). The “Smart Village” as a way to achieve sustainable development in rural areas of Poland. Sustainability, 12(16), 6503. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166503
3. Adger, W. N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: Are they related? Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465
4. Alam, G. M., Alam, K., Mushtaq, S., & Leal Filho, W. (2018). How do climate change and associated hazards impact on the resilience of riparian rural communities in Bangladesh? Policy implications for livelihood development. Environmental science & policy, 84, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.02.012
5. Anabestani, A. & Zolfaghari, M., Tavakolinia, J. (2023). Development of impactful scenarios for smart village approaches on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements of the Metropolis of Tehran (Case study: Villages of Islamshahr County). Journal of Research & Rural Planning, 12(4), 99-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v12i4.2312-1097
6. Anabestani, A. A. (2022). Explaining the components of smart spatial planning with emphasis on Iran. Journal of Logistics and Defensive Technology, 5(16), 137–175. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.28212606.1401.5.16.5.9 [in Persian]
7. Anabestani, A. A., & Javaneshiri, M. (2016). Analysis of smart rural development indicators (Case study: Villages of Binalood County). Journal of Rural Research and Planning, 5(4), 187–212. https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/paper-abstract-1061128.html [in Persian]
8. Anabestani, A. A., & Kalateh Meymari, R. (2022). Analysis of key drivers in the formation of smart rural development using Schwartz qualitative model (Case study: Joveyn County). Mountainous Regions Geographical Studies Quarterly, 1, 1–23. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.27172325.1401.3.1.1.4 [in Persian]
9. Anabestani, A. A., Bahadori Amjaz, F. L., & Tavakoli Nia, J. (2022). Explaining scenarios of smart growth impacts on the sustainability of rural settlements (Case study: Jiroft County). Geography and Development, 71, 26–54. https://doi.org/10.22111/gdij.2023.7589 [in Persian]
10. Anabestani, A. A., Bahadori Amjaz, F. L., & Tavakoli Nia, J. (2021). Spatial analysis of factors influencing the formation of smart growth in rural settlements (Case study: Jiroft County). Spatial Economics and Rural Development Quarterly, 11(1), 87–110. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222131.1401.11.39.4.7 [in Persian]
11. Anabestani, A. A., Taheri, N., & Moridsadat, P. (2025). Modeling the effects of smart development on the economic resilience of rural settlements against climate change (Case study: Ferdows, Sarayan, and Boshrouyeh). Geographical Studies of Dry Regions, 16(60), 40–64. https://doi.org/10.22034/jargs.2024.468006.1124 [in Persian]
12. Anabestani, A. A., Zolfaghari, M., & Tavakoli Nia, J. (2023). Analyzing the impact of the smart village approach on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements (Case study: Villages around Tehran metropolis). Spatial Economics and Rural Development Quarterly, 4(16), 39–64. http://serd.khu.ac.ir [in Persian]
13. Anabestani, A. A., Zolfaghari, M., & Tavakoli Nia, J. (2023). Analyzing the impact of the smart village approach on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements (Case study: Villages around Tehran metropolis). Spatial Economics and Rural Development Quarterly, 12(4), 39–64. https://doi.org/10.61186/serd.12.46.39 [in Persian]
14. Anabestani, A. A., Zolfaghari, M., & Tavakoli Nia, J. (2024). Factors influencing the formation of the smart village approach in Iran. Geographical Studies of Dry Regions, 15(56), 46–69. https://doi.org/10.22034/jargs.2023.402096.1039 [in Persian]
15. Aryal, J. P., Sapkota, T. B., Khurana, R., Khatri-Chhetri, A., Rahut, D. B., & Jat, M. L. (2020). Climate change and agriculture in South Asia: Adaptation options in smallholder production systems. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(6), 5045–5075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00414-4
16. Bacco, M., Berton, A., Gotta, A., & Zoppi, T. (2019). IoT as a Digital Game Changer in Rural Areas: The DESIRA Project. Agriculture, 9(8), 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080180Semantic Scholar
17. Beg, M. D. (2018). Smart and sustainable rural development. Int J Recent Sci Res, 9(1), 23427-23429. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279634589_What_is_smart_rural_development
18. Birthal, P. S., Negi, D. S., Khan, M. T., & Agarwal, S. (2015). Is Indian agriculture becoming resilient to droughts? Evidence from rice production systems. Food Policy, 56, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.005.
19. Bocchiola, D., Brunetti, L., Soncini, A., Polinelli, F., & Gianinetto, M. (2019). Impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and food security in the Himalayas: A case study in Nepal. Agricultural systems, 171, 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.01.008.
20. Bock, B. B. (2016). Rural development in the digital age: A systematic literature review on unequal ICT availability, adoption, and use in rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.06.018
21. Bogataj, D., Rogelj, V., & Salaj, A. T. (2021). Social Infrastructure supporting Ambient Assisted Living in a Smart Silver City: Literature Review and Research Agenda. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 54(1), 942-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.111
22. Bokun, K., & Nazarko, J. (2023). Smart villages concept—A bibliometric analysis and state-of-the-art literature review. Progress in Planning, 175, 100765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2023.100765
23. Boschma, R. (2015). Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience. Regional Studies, 49(5), 733–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.959481
24. Bristow, G. (2010). Resilient regions: Re-‘place’ing regional competitiveness. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp029
25. Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2014). Regional resilience: An agency perspective. Regional Studies, 48(5), 923–935. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.855784
26. Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2020). Introduction to the handbook on regional economic resilience. In Handbook on Regional Economic Resilience. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_on_Regional_Economic
27. Brown, D. L., & Schafft, K. A. (2019). Rural People and Communities in the 21st Century: Resilience and Transformation (2nd ed.). Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211032568Polity Books+5SAGE Journals+5SAGE Journals+5
28. Chen, G.; Zhang, J.; Peng, Y.T.(2013) Model and algorithm of post-earthquake emergency supplies Agile support system. J. Nat. Disasters, 22, 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2023.109591
29. Christopherson, S., Michie, J., & Tyler, P. (2010). Regional resilience: An analysis of the determinants and indicators. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp029
30. Coumou, D., & Rahmstorf, S. (2012). A decade of weather extremes. Nature climate change, 2(7), 491-496. https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1452
31. Courtney, P., & Moseley, M. (2021). Rural development and resilience: The role of rural policies in building resilience. European Planning Studies, 29(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2020.1779189
32. Crespo, J., Suire, R., & Vicente, J. (2022). Lock-in and resilience in regional innovation systems: A comparative study. Regional Studies, 56(4), 589–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1989478
33. Cutter, S. L. (2016). Resilience to what? Resilience for whom? The Geographical Journal, 182(2), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12174
34. Davoudi, S. (2012). Resilience: A bridging concept or a dead end? Planning Theory & Practice, 13(2), 299–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2012.677124
35. Defe, R., & Matsa, M. (2024). The significance of stakeholder engagement towards building sustainable climate smart villages in Mwenezi District. Environmental Challenges, 100855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024.100855
36. Degada, A., Thapliyal, H., & Mohanty, S. P. (2021). Smart village: An iot based digital transformation. In 2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (pp. 459-463). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9594980.
37. Ella, S., & Andari, R. N. (2018). Developing a Smart Village Model for Village Development in Indonesia. Proceeding-2018 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society: Innovation Toward Smart Society and Society 5.0, ICISS 2018, 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTSS.2018.8549973
38. Emerllahu, V., & Bogataj, D. (2024). Smart Villages as infrastructure of rural areas: Literature review and research agenda. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 58(3), 268-273.
39. Escarcha, J. F., Lassa, J. A., Palacpac, E. P., & Zander, K. K. (2020). Livelihoods transformation and climate change adaptation: The case of smallholder water buffalo farmers in the Philippines. Environmental Development, 33, 100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2019.100468
40. Esfahani, S. M. J., Palojafar, M., & Soltani Khankehdani, Sh. (2025). Smart village: A way to achieve integrated rural development. Smart Business Management Studies, 4(53), 113–158. https://doi.org/10.22054/ims.2025.84426.2581 [in Persian]
41. EU(2018) smart villages, European Network for Rural Development, https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-845-120191017
42. European Commission. (2019). EU Action for Smart Villages. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy/rural-development/supporting-smart-village-strategies_enAgriculture and rural de
43. Evenhuis, E. (2017). New directions in researching regional economic resilience and adaptation. Geography Compass, 11(11), e12335. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785360862.00010
44. Folke, C. (2016). Resilience (Republished). Ecology and Society, 21(4), Article 44. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09088-210444JSTOR+3ResearchGate+3Ecology & Society+3
45. Future Economic Rural Network [FERN]. (2025). Reinforcing rural resilience: A framework for future-ready rural policy. https://fe-rn.org/2025/05/19/reinforcing-rural-resilience-a-framework-for-future-ready-rural-policy/
46. Godlewska-Majkowska, H., Komor, A., & Zarębski, P. (2025). The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages. International Entrepreneurship Review, 11(2), 119-134.http//doi. 10.15678/IER.2025.1102.07
47. Gong, H., & Hassink, R. (2020). Regional resilience: A critical review and a future research agenda. Geography Compass, 14(9), e12582. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12582
48. Harakal’ova, L. (2018). The Concept of Smart Villages (smart Places) in Eu Policies. V A. Cibula, K. Goda, M. Karas, M. Klenka, M. Kochajdova, K. Krupova, P. Valacai, E. Vlkova, & A. Zrak (Ur.), INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 2018: CURRENT ISSUES OF WORLD ECONOMY AND POLITICS (pp. 221–226). Ekonom. www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes
49. Holmes, John(2016) the smart villages initlative, Smsrt Villages. New thinking for off-grid communities worldwide. P: 1-31https://e4sv.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Project-Outline.pdf
50. Hu, X., & Hassink, R. (2020). Adaptation and adaptability in regional innovation systems: The case of China’s ICT industry. Geoforum, 110, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.01.010
51. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2022). Sixth Assessment Report: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
52. International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2016). Rural Development Report 2016: fostering inclusive rural transformation. https://www.ifad.org/documents.pdf
53. Jamshidi, A., & Anabestani, A. A. (2020). Structural-interpretive model of factors affecting the development of rural resilience in the west of Lake Urmia against climate change (with emphasis on drought). Geographical Studies of Dry Regions, 11(42), 1–22. [in Persian]
54. Keshavarz, M., & Karami, E. (2018). Drought and agricultural ecosystem services in developing countries. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 28: Ecology for Agriculture, 309-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90309-5_9
55. Keshavarz, M., & Moqadas, R. S. (2021). Assessing rural households' resilience and adaptation strategies to climate variability and change. Journal of Arid Environments, 184, 104323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104323
56. Khan, I., Yu, Z., & Khan, S. (2022). Role of ICT in climate-smart agriculture: Evidence from developing countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 121684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121684
57. Komorowski, S., Stanny, M., & Banski, J. (2021). Smart villages as a way to achieve sustainable rural development in the EU. Sustainability, 13(3), 1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031235
58. Kucner, A., Rutkowska, A., Kozłowski, W., & Michalak, J. (2025). The use of the Smart Village concept in shaping local development. Evaluation and recommendations based on the experiences from the Elbląg Canal Region. Economics and Environment, 92(1), 845-845. https://doi.org/10.34659/eis.2025.92.1.845
59. Lidder, S., et al. (2025). Resilient and inclusive rural transformation: Exploring pathways for innovation and technology adoption. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211912425000434
60. Liu, H., Pan, W., Su, F., Huang, J., Luo, J., Tong, L., ... & Fu, J. (2022). Livelihood resilience of rural residents under natural disasters in China. Sustainability, 14(14), 8540. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148540
61. Lobao, L., Adua, L., & Hooks, G. (2020). Privatization, Business Attraction, and Social Services across the United States: Local Governments’ Use of Market-Oriented, Neoliberal Policies in the Post-2000 Period. Sociology of Development, 6(2), 139–168. https://doi.org/10.1525/sod.2020.6.2.139
62. Martin, R. (2012). Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks. Journal of Economic Geography, 12(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbr019
63. Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2015). On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(1), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu015
64. McDowell, J. Z., & Hess, J. J. (2012). Accessing adaptation: Multiple stressors on livelihoods in the Bolivian highlands under a changing climate. Global Environmental Change, 22(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.11.002
65. Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining Urban Resilience: A Review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011SCIRP
66. Nam, W. H., Choi, J. Y., Yoo, S. H., & Jang, M. W. (2012). A decision support system for agricultural drought management using risk assessment. Paddy and Water Environment, 10(3), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-012-0329-z
67. Nasrnia, F., & Ashktorab, N. (2021). Sustainable livelihood framework-based assessment of drought resilience patterns of rural households of Bakhtegan basin, Iran. Ecological Indicators, 128, 107817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107817
68. Neumeier, S. (2017). Social innovation in rural development: identifying the key factors of success. The Geographical Journal, 183(1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12180
69. Nielsen, Ø. J., Rayamajhi, S., Uberhuaga, P., Meilby, H., & Smith‐Hall, C. (2013). Quantifying rural livelihood strategies in developing countries using an activity choice approach. Agricultural economics, 44(1), 57-71.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2012.00632.x
70. OECD. (2025). Reinforcing rural resilience: A framework for future-ready rural policy. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/reinforcing-rural-resilience_7cd485e3-en.html
71. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Rural well-being: Geography of opportunities. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/d25cef80-en
72. Pendall, R., Foster, K. A., & Cowell, M. (2010). Resilience and regions: Building understanding of the metaphor. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp028
73. Praveen, P., Khan, A., Verma, A. R., Kumar, M., & Peoples, C. (2023). Smart Village Infrastructure and Rural Communities. In Smart Village Infrastructure and Sustainable Rural Communities (pp. 1-15). IGI Global. https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/smart-village.
74. Quandt, A. (2018). Measuring livelihood resilience: The household livelihood resilience approach (HLRA). World Development, 107, 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.024
75. Quandt, A., Neufeldt, H., & McCabe, J. T. (2017). The role of agroforestry in building livelihood resilience to floods and drought in semiarid Kenya. Ecology and Society, 22(3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270151
76. Reed, M. S., Podesta, G., Fazey, I., Geeson, N., Hessel, R., Hubacek, K., ... & Thomas, A. D. (2013). Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to climate change and analyse adaptation options. Ecological Economics, 94, 66-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.07.007
77. Rural Partners Network [RPN]. (2024). Towards a rural economic resilience hub. https://www.mdcinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Economic-Resilience-Hub-Report_final-1.pdf
78. Samuel, J., Rama Rao, C. A., Pushpanjali, Anshida Beevi, C. N., Raju, B. M. K., Amarender Reddy, A., ... & Teggelli, R. G. (2024). Enhancing farm income resilience through climate smart agriculture in drought-prone regions of India. Frontiers in Water, 6, 1327651. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1327651
79. Simmie, J., & Martin, R. (2010). The economic resilience of regions: Towards an evolutionary approach. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp029
80. Singh, Anand. Patel, Megh (2018) Achieving Inclusive Development Through Smart Village, PDPU Journal of Energy and Management, Vol. 3, No.1, 37-43. https://pdpu.ac.in/downloads/SPM%.pdf
81. Sobczyk, W. (2014). Sustainable development of rural areas. Problemy ekorozwoju, 9(1), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.038
82. Soligno, R., Scorza, F., Amato, F., Cascini, G., Savino, D., & Murgante, B. (2015, May). Smart solutions for the development of rural communities. In REAL CORP 2015. PLAN TOGETHER–RIGHT NOW–OVERALL. From Vision to Reality for Vibrant Cities and Regions. Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society (pp. 861-874). CORP–Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning. https://repository.corp.at/75/
83. Somwanshi, R., Shindepatil, U., Tule, D., Mankar, A., Ingle, N., Rajamanya, G. B. D. V., & Deshmukh, A. (2016). Study and development of village as a smart village. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(6), 395-408. https://www.gtu.ac.in/VYojana/PDF/-3/researchpaper_Study-and-development-of-village-as-a-smart-village.pdf
84. Speranza, C. I., et al. (2014). An indicator framework for assessing climate change adaptation in developing countries. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19(5), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9485-0
85. Steiner, A., & Atterton, J. (2015). Exploring the contribution of rural enterprises to local resilience. Journal of Rural Studies, 40, 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.05.004
86. Susilowati, A. P. E., Rachmawati, R., & Rijanta, R. (2025). Smart village concept in Indonesia: ICT as determining factor. Heliyon, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41657
87. Sutton, J., & Arku, G. (2022). Regional economic resilience: A review and synthesis of recent research. Regional Studies, 56(3), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1989477
88. Talukder, M. S., & Caputi, P. (2021). Smart Villages: A New Paradigm for Rural Development. Sustainability, 13(2), 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13021000
89. Temeljotov Salaj, A., Jančar, J., Štritof-Brus, M. and Trpin, G. (2011), The development of the real estate investment fund for the purpose of regional development, Lex Localis – Journal of Local SelfGovernment, 9(3), pp. 265–285 DOI 10.4335/9.3.265-281(2011)
90. Thulstrup, A. W. (2015). Livelihood resilience and adaptive capacity: Tracing changes in household access to capital in Central Vietnam. World Development, 74, 352-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.05.019
91. Visvizi, A., Lytras, M. D., & Mudri, G. (2022). Smart villages and digital transformation: Concepts, practices and policies. Sustainability, 14(5), 2911. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052911
92. Viswanadham, N (2014) Design of Smart Villages, Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Centre for Contemporary Studies. 1-16. https://gtl.csa.iisc.ac.in/nv/Mypublications/C/z.pdf
93. Wang, L., Wei, K., Han, J., & Zhu, Y. (2025). Digital empowerment and development resilience in rural households: Causal inference based on double machine learning. Empirical Economics, 69(6), 1187–1227. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00181-025-02767-4
94. Wang, P., Qiao, W., Wang, Y., Cao, S., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Urban drought vulnerability assessment–A framework to integrate socio-economic, physical, and policy index in a vulnerability contribution analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society, 54, 102004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.102004
95. Wilson, G. A. (2020). Community resilience, social memory and the post-2015 development agenda. Ambio, 49(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01258-0
96. Woods, M., Anderson, J., & Farrington, J. (2021). Rural resilience in the face of uncertainty. Rural Studies Review, 12(3), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsr.2021.03.005
97. Yadav, A., Vijay, A., Goyal, V., & Mukherjee, R. (2022, December). Smart Village: Problems and Hybrid Solutions from IoT Perspective. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Innovative Sustainable Computational Technologies (CISCT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CISCT55310.2022.10046527
98. Yeung, H. W. C. (2019). Rethinking mechanism and geographical political economy. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 51(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X18763265
99. Zhang, F., Bao, X., Deng, X., Wang, W., Song, J., & Xu, D. (2022). Does Trust Help to Improve Residents’ Perceptions of the Efficacy of Disaster Preparedness? Evidence from Wenchuan and Lushan Earthquakes in Sichuan Province, China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(8), 4515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084515
100. Zhao, X., & Zhao, R. (2024). The Impact and Mechanism of Digital Villages on Agricultural Resilience in Ecologically Fragile Ethnic Areas: Evidence from China’s Provinces. Agriculture, 14(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020221