سنجش سطح توسعه‌یافتگی مناطق هفده‌گانه جدید کلانشهر مشهد
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ایمحمد قنبری 1 * , سید مرتضی رضوی نژاد 2 , رابعه کوشا 3 , سید روح الله حسینی 4
1 - رئیس گروه تحول و بهبود فرآیندهای شهرداری مشهد و دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
2 - مدیر کل دفتر نوسازی و تحول سازمانی شهرداری مشهد و دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، گرایش مدیریت و سازماندهی فضا دانشگاه تهران، ایران
3 - مسئول امور طراحی و مدل سازی فرایندهای شهرداری مشهد و کارشناس ارشد علوم اقتصادی گرایش توسعه اقتصادی و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
4 - مسئول امور تحول سازمانی و سرمایه انسانی شهرداری مشهد و کارشناس ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران
کلید واژه: مشهد, سطح توسعه‌یافتگی, منطقه بندی, مدل تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره,
چکیده مقاله :
در قرن حاضر گسترش شهرنشینی و افزایش جمعیت، از لحاظ میزان توسعه‌یافتگی و برخورداری از امکانات باعث نابرابری‌های زیادی در مناطق مختلف جغرافیایی با یکدیگر و بحران‌های شهری و زیست‌محیطی شده است. از آنجایی که کلانشهر مشهد بزرگ‌ترین شهر مذهبی ایران محسوب می‌شود و سالیانه میلیون‌ها زائر امام رضا (ع) را نیز در خود جای می‌دهد، لذا رعایت عدالت اجتماعی و توسعه پایدار، هم برای شهروندان هم زائرین این شهر بسیار با اهمیت می‌باشد. با استناد به دستورالعمل محله بندی و منطقه بندی شهری بر اساس آخرین تغییرات مصوب در سال 1396، کلانشهر مشهد به 17 منطقه شهری و 170 محله تقسیم‌بندی شده و نواحی نیز حذف گردیده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، سنجش توسعه‌یافتگی مناطق 17 گانه جدید کلان شهر مشهد می‌باشد که با روش تحقیق توصیفی و تحلیلی و با استفاده از مدل تاپسیس و نرم‌افزار ARC GIS مناطق شهرداری مشهد موردسنجش قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که مناطق 11، 9 و 1 به ترتیب رتبه یک تا سوم سطح توسعه‌یافتگی و مناطق 5، 10 و 12 در سه رتبه آخر بر اساس شاخص های این پژوهش قرار گرفته‌اند. به لحاظ فضایی مناطق کمتر توسعه یافته در شرق، جنوب شرق و شمال شرق قرار دارند و هر چه از مرکز شهر به سمت غرب و جنوب غرب کلانشهر مشهد حرکت می‌کنیم مناطق توسعه یافته و توسعه یافته تر قرار دارند. به لحاظ فضایی مناطق کمتر توسعه یافته در شرق، جنوب شرق و شمال شرق قرار دارند و هر چه از مرکز شهر به سمت غرب و جنوب غرب کلانشهر مشهد حرکت می‌کنیم مناطق توسعه یافته و توسعه یافته تر قرار دارند.
The expansion of urbanization and growth of population in the present century in terms of the degree of development and enjoyment of facilities have caused many inequalities in different geographical areas, as well as urban and environmental crises. Since the metropolis of Mashhad is the largest religious city in Iran and annually accommodates millions of pilgrims of Imam Reza (AS), the observance of social justice and sustainable development are very important for both optimal use of the residents and the pilgrims of the city. According to the guidelines for neighborhood zoning and urban zoning, based on the latest changes approved in 2017, the metropolis of Mashhad is divided into 17 urban districts and 170 neighborhoods, and the areas were also removed. The main goal of this research is evaluation of developmental level of new seventeen zones of Mashhad metropolis which the analytical-descriptive research method and using TOPSIS model and ARC GIS software were evaluted. The results showed that zones 11, 1 and 9 were ranked one to third in terms of developmental level, suggesting that these zones were in very good condition, and zoness 5, 10 and 12 were the last three ranks of this measure, showing that they are in poor condition. Spatially, less developed zones are located in the east, southeast and northeast, and the more we move from the city center to the west and southwest of Mashhad metropolis, the more developed and developed zones are located.Spatially, less developed zones are located in the east, southeast and northeast, and the more we move from the city center to the west and southwest of Mashhad metropolis, the more developed and developed zones are located.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The expansion of urbanization and growth of population in the present century in terms of the degree of development and enjoyment of facilities have caused many inequalities in different geographical areas, as well as urban and environmental crises. Since the metropolis of Mashhad is the largest religious city in Iran and annually accommodates millions of pilgrims of Imam Reza, the observance of social justice and sustainable development are very important for both optimal use of the residents and the pilgrims of the city. According to the guidelines for neighborhood zoning and urban zoning, based on the latest changes approved in 2017, the metropolis of Mashhad is divided into 17 urban zones and 170 neighborhoods, and the areas were also removed.
Methodology
The main goal of this research is assessing of developmental level of new seventeen zones of Mashhad metropolis which the analytical-descriptive research method and using TOPSIS model and ARC GIS software were assessed.
Results and Discussion
The indicators considered in this study included educational, economic - social, transportation, urban services, health - treatment, sports - recreation, environment, literacy rate and delinquency. In the first indicator which was access to educational facilities, zone 1 with more than 144 schools, including elementary and secondary types, obtained the highest rank among the 17 zones of Mashhad city, and zone 12 with only 19 elementary schools obtained the lowest rank. The next indicator considered was public transportation, which included subgroups such as number of bicycle, metro and bus stations. Findings showed that zone 8 had the highest rank among the 17 zones of Mashhad and zone 12 had the lowest rank in this indicator.
Regarding urban services indicator, zone 2 with 4 fire stations, 2 police stations, more than 5 fruit markets and hypermarkets, 4 +10 police offices, more than 8 gas and CNG stations and 11 post offices had the highest value, while zone 12 with 3 fire stations, 4 police stations, 6 hypermarkets, 1 +10 police office, 8 gas and CNG stations and 2 post offices had the lowest rank.
With respect to health treatment indicator, zone 8 with 10 hospitals and more than 10 clinics and health centers had the highest rank, and zone 5 with only 9 clinics had the lowest rank. In the recreational sports indicator, zone 9 with 14 sports complexes and 60 green space areas had the highest rank among the 17 zones of Mashhad city and zone 12 with 14 sports complexes and 25 green space areas had the lowest rank. Regarding economic indicator which includes the employment rate, zones 8 and 11 had the highest and lowest ranks among the 17 zones of Mashhad city, respectively. With respect to environmental indicator, which includes subgroups such as AQI, zones 7 and 3 had the highest and lowest ranks among the 17 zones of Mashhad city, respectively.
Studying the results of literacy rate indicator showed that zone 11 had the highest rank among the 17 zones of Mashhad city, and zone 15 had the lowest rank. Finally, for the social indicator which includes subgroups such as the number of drug and theft reports, zones 9 and 11 had the highest rank and zone 15 had the lowest rank.
Conclusion
According to the assessment of developmental level, zone 11 with a value of 0.8981 was ranked first, followed by zone 9 with a value of 0.8671. The third and fourth ranks belonged to zone 1 and 14 with values of 0.8633 and 0.8581, respectively. The fifth rank of this research belonged to region 17 with a degree of development of 0.8495. Zone 2 with a value of 0.8423 ranked sixth, followed by zone 3 with value of 0.8389. Zone 10 with a value of 0.8375 ranked eighth. The ninth rank of this research belonged to zone 6 with a degree of development of 0.8355. Zone 16 with a degree of development of 0.8243 ranked tenth, and zone 4 with a value of 0.7777 ranked eleventh. The twelfth place in this indicator belonged to zone 7 with a developmental degree of 0.7172. The thirteenth and fourteenth ranks were related, respectively, to zones 8 with a value of 0.6485 and zone 13 with a value of 0.6485. Zone 5 with a degree of development of 0.4409 was ranked fifteenth, and zone 10 with a degree of development of 0.4409 ranked sixteenth. At the end of table, there was zone 12 with a degree of development of 0.2600. The difference in developmental scores between the eleventh region with the first rank and the twelfth region with the last rank was 0.0138. Totally, the results showed that zones 11, 1 and 9 were ranked one to third in terms of developmental level, suggesting that these zones were in very good condition, and zones 5, 10 and 12 were the last three ranks of this measure, showing that they are in poor condition. Spatially, less developed zones are located in the east, southeast and northeast, and the more we move from the city center to the west and southwest of Mashhad metropolis, the more developed and developed zones are located.
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