امکان‌سنجی توسعه گردشگری در روستاهای مناطق ییلاقی شهرستان مانه و سملقان
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
زهرا طوسی راد
1
,
علی اکبر نحفی کانی
2
,
علیرضا خواجه شاهکوهی
3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی دانشگاه گلستان، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی دانشگاه گلستان، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/20
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/04/30
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01
کلید واژه:
گردشگری روستایی,
امکان سنجی,
روستاهای ییلاقی,
مانه وسملقان,
چکیده مقاله :
برنامه‌ریزان توسعه از فعالیت‌های گردشگری به عنوان رکن اصلی توسعه پایدار روستایی یاد می‌کنند. امروزه گردشگری روستایی می‌تواند سبب ایجاد اشتغال، افزایش درآمد و در نهایت رفاه و بهبود وضعیت معیشتی روستاییان شود. مهمترین هدف توسعه گردشگری روستایی، توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع روستایی است. امروزه گردشگری با 200 میلیون نفر شاغل، حدود 8 درصد از کل اشتغال جهانی را در بر گرفته و یکی از پنج منبع اصلی درآمد ارزی است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی و میدانی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر خانوارهای روستایی و جامعه مهمان در روستاهای بخش مانه و سملقان می باشند. که بر اساس سرشماری سال 1395 شامل 1321 خانوار می باشند. تعداد نمونه‌ها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 266 نفر انتخاب شدند. سوالات مورد بررسی در تحقیق حاضر در طیف لیکرت و به صورت پنج درجه‌ای(خیلی‌کم، کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلی‌زیاد) تنظیم گردید. پایایی ابزار تحقیق نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرون‌باخ برای مولفه‌های مورد بررسی تحقیق برابر با 81 درصد به دست آمده است. تعداد نمونه‌های انتخاب شده را بعد از سنجش با بهره‌گیری از نرم افزار spss و با استفاده از آزمون‌های توصیفی و تحلیلی مولفه‌ها مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل همبستگی کای اسکوئر نشان دهنده رابطه معنادار و 99 درصدی بین ظرفیت‌های موجود در روستاهای ناحیه مورد مطالعه با توسعه گردشگری می باشد. در ضمن نتیجه تحلیل همبستگی کندال برای متغیرهای متفارن شاخص‌های توسعه اقتصادی و کالبدی تا سطح اطمینان 99 درصد رابطه معنادار را نشان می دهند. همچنین نتایج حاصل از آزمون مقایسه میانگین فریدمن نشان دهنده اهمیت هریک از گویه های بررسی شده می باشند و تفاوت معنادار تا سطح اطمینان 99 درصد بین آنها را تبیین می نماید. شایان ذکر است نتایح حاصل از آزمون کروسکال‌والیس نیز نشان دهنده تفاوت معنادار و 99 درصدی بین شاخص‌های توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و کالبدی روستاهای مورد مطالعه می باشند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Development planners consider tourism activities as a key element of sustainable rural development. Nowadays, rural tourism can create jobs, increase income, and ultimately can bring welfare and improvement of living conditions for villagers. The most important purposes of rural tourism development are economic development, social and spatial development of rural communities. Nowadays, with 200 million employees, tourism accounts for about 8% of total global employment and is one of the five main sources of foreign exchange earnings for tourist countries such as China, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Spain, etc. The present study is in applied form and in terms of the method is descriptive-analytical based on field studies. The statistical population of the present study is rural households and the guest population in the villages of Maneh and Samalqan districts which includes 1321 households according to the 2016 census. 266 people were selected as a sample by using Cochran's formula. The questions in the present study were set on the Likert scale and in five grades (very low, low, medium, high, and very high). The reliability of the research tool was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the studied components which are equal to 81%. The extracted data from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS software and by utilizing descriptive and inferential tests. In addition, the results of Kendall rank correlation coefficient for the Symmetric variables, economic and physical development indicated a significant relationship up to 99% confidence level. Also, the results of the Friedman mean comparison test illustrate the importance of each of the examined items and explain the significant difference up to 99% confidence level between them. It is worth mentioning that the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test also indicate a significant difference of 99% among the indicators of economic, social, and physical development of the studied villages.
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