واکاوی تأثیر شبکه‌های مهاجرت های روستایی بر کلانشهرکرج (مطالعه موردی: دهستان کوهسار- شهرستان هشترود)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

محمد اکبرپور ¹

1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/31 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/05/31 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/08/01

کلید واژه: توسعه روستایی, مهاجرت, وجوه ارسالی, دهستان کوهسار,

چکیده مقاله :

       نقش شبکه­های مهاجرتی در تداوم فرایند مهاجرت، نقش وجوه ارسال شده توسط مهاجرین در توسعه نواحی روستایی و همچنین نقش وجوه ارسالی در تداوم مهاجرت نیز به ندرت مورد توجه برنامه­ریزان روستایی واقع شده است. هدف اصلی تحقیق واکاوی شبکه های مهاجرت روستایی در کلانشهرکرج و نقش آن در توسعه نواحی روستایی مبداء (دهستان کوهسار) می­باشد. روش کار در این تحقیق، از نوع کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی و تحلیلی است. روش انجام آن نیز میدانی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده بوده و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS انجام گردیده است. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده بیش از 85 درصد از مهاجرین حداقل سالی یکبار برای بستگان­شان وجه ارسال می­کنند و وجوه ارسالی اغلب صرف تأمین مایحتاج روزانه روستاییان می­گردد و لذا این وجوه نتوانسته تأثیری بر توسعه نواحی روستایی داشته باشند. همچنین، از 78 نفر از سرپرستان خانوار روستایی که به پرسشنامه ما پاسخ دادند، 72 نفر (92.30 درصد) شاغل بودند که شغل 61 نفر (71.11 درصد) از آنان در ارتباط با بخش کشاورزی می­باشد. بر اساس اطلاعات بدست آمده کشاورزی مهم­ترین بخش اقتصادی این منطقه می باشد و روستاییان برای کسب درآمد بایستی برای توسعه این بخش تلاش نمایند  اما به نظر می رسد با ادامه روند فعلی، یعنی عدم سرمایه­گذاری در روستاهای مورد مطالعه، تداوم مهاجرت امری اجتناب ناپذیر باشد. زیرا سرمایه گذاری های اقتصادی توسط مهاجرین انجام نمی­گیرد، سرمایه­گذاری های محدود انجام گرفته نیز منجر به ایجاد فرصت­های شغلی در روستاها نمی گردد و عدم سرمایه­گذاری­های اشتغال زا در نواحی روستایی تأثیری در بقای جمعیت روستایی نمی­تواند داشته باشد. علاوه بر این طبق نتایج معلوم شده است که ارتباطات خانودگی توانسته نقش تأثیرگذاری بر مهاجرت روستاییان داشته باشد. مهاجرین روستایی با استفاده از اطلاعاتی که از شبکه اجتماعی مهاجرین بدست می آورند، مهاجرت می کنند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

       The Role of Migrant Networks Continue Migration Process, the Role of Funds by Migrants in the Development of Rural Areas and Funds as one of Continuing Immigration Rarely Considered is Located. The Main Purpose of the Research is to Study Rural Immigration Networks in Karaj Metropolitan and its Role in the Development of Rural Areas of Origin(Kohsar Village).Methodology in this Research, it is an Applied and Descriptive Method of doing this was also a Field Study Using  Questionnaire, Interview and Observation and Data Analysis was Performed Using SPSS Software. Based on the Results of this Research more than 85% of Migrants Send their Relative at Least Once a Year. And the Funds are often Used to Meet  the Daily Needs of the Villagers. And so these Funds have not had an Impact on Rural Areas. Also, out of 78 Rural  Households who Responded to our Questionnaire, 72 were  Employed,61 of which were Occupied by the Agricultural Sector. Based on the Information Obtained from the Questionnaire, Agriculture is the most Important Economic Sector in the Region and the Villagers must be Involved in the Development of this Sector in order to Earn Revenue . But it Seems that with the Continuation of the Current Process, Lack of Investment in the Studied Villages, the Continuation of Migration is Inevitable. Because Economic Investments are not Made by Immigrants, Limited Investment will not Lead to Job Opportunities in Rural Areas.  And the Lack of Employment and Occupational Investment in Rural Area cannot have an Effect on the Survival  of Rural Populations. In addition, According to the Results, it has been Revealed that Family Communication has been able to Influence the Migration of Villagers. Rural Migrants Emigrate Using Information from the Immigrant Network.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. 1.       Abdelbaseer A. Mohamed,(2016), People’s movement patterns in space of informal settlements in Cairo metropolitan area, Alexandria Engineering Journal (2016) 55, pp.451–465.


2. 2.       Akbarpour,Mohammad,(2013),Strategic Pattern for explaining the Permanent of the population in rural settlements Hashtroud Town ship,Ph.D. Thesis, University Tehran,to guide .D.r S.H.Motieilangroudi.


3. 3.       Azkiya,Mostafa, Firouzabadi,Seyed,(2004),Social Capital and its Role in Production Foundationds of the Karkheh surface,Journal of Sociology of Iran,The Period 5,N4,pp,49-72.


4. 4.       Azkiya,Mostafa,Ghafari,Gholamreza(,2007),Rural development with emphasis on rural society of Iran,Ney Publication. (in Persion)


5. 5.       Blanco H.،Cambell T. (2006)،social capital of cities: emerging networks of horizontal assistance،available at: www.elsevier.com.


6. 6.       Brunie A. (2009)، Meaningful distinctions within a concept: relational، collective and generalized social capital ، Social science research، No. 38،pp: 251 256.


7. 7.       Center for Iraninan Population and Housing Census,2006-2011. (in Persion)


8. 8.       Chaima, G. (2003). Social capial, Reviewing the concept and Its policy Implications, Melbourne: prodactirity commission


9. 9.       Farajsabokbar,Hasanali,Rezaei,Hojjat,Gholami,Ali,(2005),Level of rural settlements with emphasis on the components of social capital, Case study: Tirjard  District ,Abarkuh City.Journal of Regional Planning, Issue 18, Summer,pp,101-116. (in Persion)


10. 10.   Fawcett T. James et al (1982), Reasons for Moving and Migration Behavior, world Development, Vol. 10, No.4, PP.98-129


11. 11.   Fei, J. C. H., and Ranis, G. (1961); A Theory of Economic Development, Am. Econ Rev., 533-565.


12. 12.   Furstenberg, G. (1998), Social Capital and the Role of Fathers in the Family, Chapter 15 in A. Booth & A. Creuter (eds), Men In Families: When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make?, Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey.


13. 13.   Ghafari,Gholamreza,(2007),Theoretical explanations of social capital,Proceedings of the Symposium on Social Capital and Development in Iran,Higher Institute of Education and Research and the Management and Planning,pp,185-198. (in Persion)


14. 14.   Ghafari,Gholamreza,(2007),Theoretical explanations of social capital,Proceedings of the Symposium on Social Capital and Development in Iran,Higher Institute of Education and Research and the Management and Planning,pp,185-198. (in Persion)


15. 15.   Goldsmith, P., Gunjab, K. and Ndarshikanye, B. (2004); Rural Urban Migration and Agricultural Productivity: the case of Senegal, Agricultural Economics, No.31: 33-45.


16. 16.   Julio A. Berdegue´ a, Fernando Carrizo, Benjamin Jara, Felixmodrego and Isidro soloaga ,(2015), Cities,Territories ,and Inclusive Growth: Unraveling Urban- Rural Linkages in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico,  World Development, Vol.73,pp56-71.


17. 17.   Kilby, Patrick (2002); Social Capital and City Society, New York: National Center for Development Studies.


18. 18.   Lahsaeizadeh,Abdolali,(2008),Rural migration and urban,Encyclopedia of Urban and Rural Management, Tehran, organizations, municipalities and village administrations in the country. (in Persion)


19. 19.   Leman,Jeymz,(1998),Foundations of Social Theory,Manuchehr Sabouri,Translation,Tehran, Ney Publication. (in Persion)


20. 20.   Lewis, W. A. (1954); Economic development with unlimited supplies of labor, Manchester School of Econ., Social study, 22: 139-192.


21. 21.   Mahmodiyan,Hosein, Qasemieiardahaei,Ali,( (2012, Immigrant Social Networks and Reproduction of Immigration Culture in Rural area Aqualitative Study on the Migration of the Province Eest Azarbayjan  to Province Tehran,Journal  Rural Development, The Period 4,N1,pp,109-128. (in Persion)


22. 22.   Manning, P. (2010). 'Putnam and radicalsocio -economic theory". International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 37, No. 3. pp. 254-269.


23. 23.   Markku Lehikoinen, Martti Arffman, Kristiina Manderbacka, Marko Elovainio, and Ilmo Keskimäki,(2015), Comparative observational study of mortality amenable by health policy andcare between rural and urban Finland: no excess segregation of mortality in the capital despite its increasing residentialdifferentiation, Lehikoinen et al. International Journal for Equity in Health.


24. 24.   Motieilangrudi,Seyedhasan,Rezavani,Mohammadreza,Norbakhsh,Seyedmorteza,Mohammad Akbarpour(2014), Explaining the strategic model on population survival in rural area case study: of the district Solok city Hashtrood,Journal of Geography and Planning, Vol. 19, Issue 52, Summer,pp.302-322. (in Persion)


25. 25.   Papoliyazdi,Mohamdhosein, Rajabisanajerdi,Hosein,(2003),Theories of the city and the Surrounding Area,Publication Samt,Tehran. (in Persion)


26. 26.   Pourts,Alhandroo,(2005), Social capital and civil society, Proceedings of social capital, trust, democracy ,Shirazeh Publication.


27. 27.   Pourts,Alhandroo,(2005), Social capital and civil society, Proceedings of social capital, trust, democracy ,Shirazeh Publication.


28. 28.   Qasemieiardahaei,Ali,(2006),Causes of Migrating Villageres  to  Cities in Iran by Analyzing Dissertations,Journal of Rural and Development , The Period 9,N1,pp,51-81. (in Persion)


29. 29.   Rezvani,Mohammadreza, Akbariyan,Saeid ,Rajaei,Abbas,(2008),Immigrants and Their Rol in Rural Development, Case Study Rmshe Village To Esfahan,Journal Rural and Developmnet , The Period10,N3. (in Persion)


30. 30.   Saeimehr,Monireh,)2004),Investigating Social and Cultural Capital and Migration in Large Cities,Case study: Tabriz,Master Thesis, University of Tehran. (in Persion)


31. 31.   Shahnaz ,H,(2010), Rural to Urban Migration in Pakistan the Gender Perspective, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Working Paper56.


32. 32.   Shamseddiny ,Ali ,Gorjiyan,Parvin,(2010),Effective Factors in Migration Villagers to Cities with an Emphasis on Immigrantion networks Case study Village Rostam2, Journal of  Geographic Perspective,N10,pp,92-75. (in Persion)


33. 33.   Tajbakhsh,Kiyan,(2006),Social capital: trust, democracy and development,Tehran, Shirazeh Publication, Second Edition. (in Persion)


34. 34.   Ulriksen, C. (2008)." The Significance of Social Capital as a Concept for Understanding and Analyzing Community-Based Organizations: Lessons for Chile", A thesis submitted In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning, Tutfs University.


35. 35.   Wei Li,(2013),  Hukou, status, place affiliation and identity formation: The case of migrant workers in Metropolitan Beijing, Procedia Environmental Sciences 17 ( 2013 )pp. 842 – 851.


36. 36.   Yang Du, Albert Park,1, Sangui Wang,(2005), Migration and rural poverty in China, Journal of Comparative Economics 33 (2005) 688–709.


37. 37.   Yuqi Liu, Fangzhu Zhang, Fulong Wua, Ye Liub, , Zhigang Li,(2017), The subjective wellbeing of migrants in Guangzhou, China: The impacts of the social and physical environment, Cities 60 (2017) pp.333–342.


38. 38.   Zanjani,Habibolah,(2001),Migration,Tehran,Samt Publication. (in Persion).