وکالت مطلق زن در طلاق: ایجاد توازن در تاثیر اراده زوجین در طلاق
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانواده
1 - استادیار، گروه حقوق، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران. ( نویسنده مسئول ) Shomali.negar@iaut.ac.ir
کلید واژه: حقوق زنان, وکالت زن در طلاق, وکالت مطلق,
چکیده مقاله :
برخلاف ازدواج که به اراده زوجین وابسته است، طلاق ایقاعی است که به عنوان حقی به مرد واگذار شده و همین دوگانی در نقش و میزان تاثیر اراده هر یک از زوجین منجر به پیدایش مباحث ریشه دار در فقه و حقوق موضوعه ایران شده است. ساختار پژوهش حاضر بر مبنای بیان علت شناسی ضرورت قائل شدن به وکالت زن در طلاق، امکان یا عدم امکان توکیل طلاق به زن، تحولات مقررات طلاق در حقوق ایران، و نهایتاً بازخوانی اراده زوجین از توکیل زن در طلاق و تفسیر منطبق بر واقع آن، قرار گرفته است. همچنین در حوزه چارچوب نظری قبل از پرداختن به رویکرد قانونگذار کشورمان، دیدگاههای مخالف و موافق فقهی که در شکل گیری نگرش تقنینی موثر افتاده اند مورد مداقه واقع شده اند. براین اساس در مقاله حاضر به این نتیجه رسیده ایم که قائل شدن به جواز و روایی وکالت مطلق زن در طلاق به عنوان شیوه ای برای تعدیل حق انحلال یک جانبه عقد نکاح و جبران کننده بخشی از کاستی های حقوق زنان و نیز رهایی از یک ازدواج نامناسب در نظر گرفته میشود؛ شکل حداکثری وکالت در طلاق برای زن وکالتی است که براساس آن وقوع طلاق یا عدم وقوع آن به وی اعطا میشود تا او دارای اختیار مستقل باشد بدون آن که نیاز به پیدایش شرطی به عنوان موجب طلاق و یا ضرورت احراز آن از سوی دادگاه باشد.
In contrast to marriage, which depends on the will of the couple, divorce is a right given to the man. And this duality in the influence of the will of each couple has led to the emergence of deep-rooted issues in Iranian jurisprudence and law. The structure of the current research is based on the etiology statement of the necessity of the woman's absolute power of attorney in divorce, the possibility or impossibility of the woman's power of attorney, the evolution of divorce regulations in Iranian law, and finally, the interpretation of the couple's will regarding the power of the woman in divorce. Also, in the field of theoretical framework, before dealing with the approach of the legislator of our country, the views of jurisprudence against and in favor, which have been effective in the formation of the legislative attitude, have been carefully considered. Acknowledging the absolute right of a woman in divorce as a way to adjust the right to unilaterally dissolve the marriage contract compensates for some of the shortcomings of women's rights and also frees her from an inappropriate marriage; the maximum form of representation in divorce for a woman is representation that Based on that, the occurrence of divorce or its non-occurrence is granted to the woman In order for her to have independent authority, there is not any necessity to be a condition as the cause of divorce or the need to confirm it by the court.
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15- Safai, S. Hossein – Emami, Asadollah (2008) Civil Law (family: Mariage and Divorce), university of Tehran Press, 30th edition. (in Persian)
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19- Toshhan, Mohhhammad (2011) Family Law, Jungle Publication, First edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
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3- Asadi, Hassan (2008) Family and its Rights, Behnashr Publication, First edition, Mashhad. (in Persian(
4- Baym Hossein Ali (2015) Woman and Family, Forhang Publication, First edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
5- Dayani, Aldatrasoul (2009) Family Law, Mizan Publication, First edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
6- Ebn e. Edris (1410) Al Saraer, Eslami Publication. Qom. (in Arabic)
7-Gorji, Abdolhossein (2013) A Comparative Study of Family Law, University of Tehran Press, Third edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
8- Katouzian, Nasser (2003) Family Law, Mizan Publication, Third edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
9- Katouzian, Nasser (2009) Iranian Civil Law: Family Law, Enteshar Publications, First edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
14- Safai, S. Hossein (2013) Articles on Civil Law and Comparative Law, Mizan Publication, Thhird edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
15- Safai, S. Hossein – Emami, Asadollah (2008) Civil Law (family: Mariage and Divorce), university of Tehran Press, 30th edition. (in Persian)
18- Soroosh Mohallati, Mohammad (2008) The Juristic Legal Ambiguities of woman’s representation in Divorce, Law and Jurisprudence, Fall 2008, Volume5, Number 18, Page(s) 59 To 86. (in Persian)
19- Toshhan, Mohhhammad (2011) Family Law, Jungle Publication, First edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
20- Zamani, Mohammad Reza (2008) Family Law: Mariage and Divorce, Negah Publication, Second edition, Tehran. (in Persian)