مطالعه تطبیقی توانمندسازی سیاسی زنان در کشورهای قفقاز جنوبی از سال 2021-2006 توسط یک شاخص جهانی جدید
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانواده
محمد شهرتی فر
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی گرایش تطبیقی و توسعه، واحد بناب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بناب، ایران.
)
نادر بهلولی
2
(
استادیار گروه مدیریت، واحد بنابدانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بناب، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول)
)
مجتبی رمضانی
3
(
استادیار گروه مدیریت ، واحد بناب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بناب، ایران.
)
حسین عماری
4
(
استادیار گروه مدیریت، واحد بناب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بناب، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: توسعه سیاسی, دموکراسی, برابری جنسیتی, توانمندسازی سیاسی زنان, شاخصV-DEM,
چکیده مقاله :
توانمندسازی سیاسی زنان یک فرآیند اجتماعی برای توسعه و پیشرفت جوامع است و به طور فزاینده‌ای برای دولت‌‌های مدرن حیاتی شناخته می‌شود. محققان و دانشمندان به طور یکسان بین توانمندسازی سیاسی زنان و نتایج آن برای زنان، کودکان و همچنین برای کل جامعه، پیوندهای ناگسستنی می‌بینند. در این مقاله از روش کیفی با رویکرد تطبیقی استفاده شده است. مطالعه تطبیقی با استفاده از روش توصیفی – تحلیلی بوده و جمع آوری منابع به روش اسنادی است. گام نخست توصیف پدیده مورد مطالعه است که در مطالعات اسنادی بازنمایی شده است و در گام دوم فرآیند مقایسه و تطبیق و استخراج وجوه تفاوت و تشابه طی شده است. یافته ها نشان دهنده حرکت بدون افت و خیز جمهوری آذربایجان در زمینه توانمندسازی سیاسی زنان می‌باشد، این کشور وضعیت خود را از سال 2006 تا 2021 در این حوزه بدون تغییر حفظ کرده است هرچند رشد قابل توجهی نداشته اما کاهش چشمگیری نیز مشاهده نمی شود. کشور ارمنستان روند رو به رشد خود را از سال 2006 آغاز نموده و در سال 2020 توانسته است علی رغم بحران‌‌های سیاسی داخلی و شکست در جنگ قره باغ، گرجستان را پشت سر قرار دهد.
Political empowerment of women is a social process for the development and progress of societies and is increasingly recognized as vital to modern governments. Scholars and scholars alike see inextricable links between women's political empowerment and its outcomes for women, children, and society as a whole. In this article, a qualitative method with a comparative approach is used. The comparative study is using descriptive-analytical method and the collection of sources is by documentary method. The first step is the description of the studied phenomenon, which is represented in documentary studies, and the second step is the process of comparing and matching and extracting differences and similarities. The findings show the movement of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of women's political empowerment, this country has maintained its status unchanged in this field from 2006 to 2021, although there has been no significant growth, but no significant decrease is observed either. The country of Armenia has started its growing process since 2006 and in 2020, despite the internal political crises and defeat in the Karabakh war, it has managed to leave Georgia behind.
Hanmer, L., & Klugman, J. (2016). Exploring Women's Agency and Empowerment in Developing Countries: Where do we stand? Feminist Economics, 22(1), 237-263. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2015.1091087
Mosedale, S. (2014). WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AS A DEVELOPMENT GOAL: TAKING A FEMINIST STANDPOINT. International Development, 26(8), 1115-1125. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3050
Pemstein, D., Tzelgov, E., & Wang, Y.-t. (2021). Evaluating and Improving Item Response Theory Models for Cross-National Expert Surveys. Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.
Soraya, J. (2010, Novamber). South Caucasia Regional Integration: Obstacles and Challenges from the viewpoint of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research letter of international relations, 3(12), 169-198. Retrieved from http://prb.iauctb.ac.ir/article_524294.html?lang=en
Alexander, A. C., Bolzendahl, C., & Jalalzai, F. (2016). Defining Women's Global Political Empowerment: Theories and Evidence. Sociology Compass, 10(6), 432-441. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12375
Arvate, P., SergioFirpo, S., & Pieri, R. (2020). Can women's performance in elections determine the engagement of adolescent girls in politics? European Journal of Political Economy, 70, 175-201. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102045
Ataii, f., & Zangeneh, s. (2021). Socio-Political Empowerment of Women in the South. Central Eurasia Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Science, 14(1), 203-228.
Awoa, P. (2022). Women's political empowerment and natural resource curse in developing countries. Resources Policy, 75, 142-165. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102442
azerbaijan.mfa.gov. (2021). Retrieved from azerbaijan.mfa.gov: https://azerbaijan.mfa.gov.ir/
Craven, N. M. (2000). Women and human development : the capabilities approach. New York: Cambridge.
Dahlum, S., Knutsen, C. H., & Mechkova, V. (2022). Women’s political empowerment and economic growth. World Development, 156, 200-219. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105822
Fathi, Y., & Nabilrahimi, N. (2021). The role of electoral systems in women's parliamentary participation (comparative study: Afghanistan and Iran). Bi-quarterly journal of comparative law, 1(8), 283-308.
georgia.mfa.gov. (2021). Retrieved from georgia.mfa.gov: https://georgia.mfa.gov.ir/portal/GeneralCategoryServices/6559
Ghosh, S. (2022). Political empowerment of women and financial inclusion: Is there a link? Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 5(1), 50-75. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100267
Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2021). Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs: https://armenia.mfa.gov.ir/portal/GeneralCategoryServices/6592
Khosravi, M., Deshayar, H., & Abtahi, S. (2011). How to empower women in the field of political decision-making in the structure of national and international decision-making. Scientific Quarterly Journal of International Relations Studies, 20(5), 99-132. Retrieved from http://prb.iauctb.ac.ir/article_524304.html
Nazari, M., Hoseini, A., Emamjomeh, S., & Porranjbar, M. (2014). Investigating the relationship between socialization and political participation of women. Women's Journal, 9(1), 161-185.
Sundstrom, A., Paxton, P., Wang, Y.-T., & Lindberg, S. I. (2017). Women’s Political Empowerment: A New Global Index, 1900–2012. World Development, 94, 321-335. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.01.016
Tsjeng, Z. (2018). Forgotten women: The scientists. london: Hachette UK.
(2021). Varities of democracy. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute.
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Hanmer, L., & Klugman, J. (2016). Exploring Women's Agency and Empowerment in Developing Countries: Where do we stand? Feminist Economics, 22(1), 237-263. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2015.1091087
Mosedale, S. (2014). WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AS A DEVELOPMENT GOAL: TAKING A FEMINIST STANDPOINT. International Development, 26(8), 1115-1125. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3050
Pemstein, D., Tzelgov, E., & Wang, Y.-t. (2021). Evaluating and Improving Item Response Theory Models for Cross-National Expert Surveys. Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.
Soraya, J. (2010, Novamber). South Caucasia Regional Integration: Obstacles and Challenges from the viewpoint of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research letter of international relations, 3(12), 169-198. Retrieved from http://prb.iauctb.ac.ir/article_524294.html?lang=en
Alexander, A. C., Bolzendahl, C., & Jalalzai, F. (2016). Defining Women's Global Political Empowerment: Theories and Evidence. Sociology Compass, 10(6), 432-441. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12375
Arvate, P., SergioFirpo, S., & Pieri, R. (2020). Can women's performance in elections determine the engagement of adolescent girls in politics? European Journal of Political Economy, 70, 175-201. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102045
Ataii, f., & Zangeneh, s. (2021). Socio-Political Empowerment of Women in the South. Central Eurasia Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Science, 14(1), 203-228.
Awoa, P. (2022). Women's political empowerment and natural resource curse in developing countries. Resources Policy, 75, 142-165. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102442
azerbaijan.mfa.gov. (2021). Retrieved from azerbaijan.mfa.gov: https://azerbaijan.mfa.gov.ir/
Craven, N. M. (2000). Women and human development : the capabilities approach. New York: Cambridge.
Dahlum, S., Knutsen, C. H., & Mechkova, V. (2022). Women’s political empowerment and economic growth. World Development, 156, 200-219. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105822
Fathi, Y., & Nabilrahimi, N. (2021). The role of electoral systems in women's parliamentary participation (comparative study: Afghanistan and Iran). Bi-quarterly journal of comparative law, 1(8), 283-308.
georgia.mfa.gov. (2021). Retrieved from georgia.mfa.gov: https://georgia.mfa.gov.ir/portal/GeneralCategoryServices/6559
Ghosh, S. (2022). Political empowerment of women and financial inclusion: Is there a link? Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 5(1), 50-75. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100267
Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2021). Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs: https://armenia.mfa.gov.ir/portal/GeneralCategoryServices/6592
Khosravi, M., Deshayar, H., & Abtahi, S. (2011). How to empower women in the field of political decision-making in the structure of national and international decision-making. Scientific Quarterly Journal of International Relations Studies, 20(5), 99-132. Retrieved from http://prb.iauctb.ac.ir/article_524304.html
Nazari, M., Hoseini, A., Emamjomeh, S., & Porranjbar, M. (2014). Investigating the relationship between socialization and political participation of women. Women's Journal, 9(1), 161-185.
Sundstrom, A., Paxton, P., Wang, Y.-T., & Lindberg, S. I. (2017). Women’s Political Empowerment: A New Global Index, 1900–2012. World Development, 94, 321-335. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.01.016
Tsjeng, Z. (2018). Forgotten women: The scientists. london: Hachette UK.
(2021). Varities of democracy. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute.