میلوآنسفالوپاتی ناشی از هرپس ویروس اسبی نوع 1 (EHM): خطری بالقوه یا توهمی بی ارزش!
محورهای موضوعی : علوم بالینی دامپزشکی
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کلید واژه: میلوآنسفالوپاتی, اسب, هرپس ویروس,
چکیده مقاله :
هرپس ویروس اسبی نوع 3 EHV-1 ( یکی از با اهمیتترین ویروسهای است كه در بین جمعیتهای اسب در سراسر جهان حضور داشته و وجود آن در بین اسبداریهای كشورمان نیز به اثبات رسیده است. بر اساس ادعای بیشتر منابع دامپزشکی، آلودگی با این ویروس در اوایل زندگی دام اتفاق افتاده و میتوان تقریب ا تمامی اسبان بالغ را، آلوده به آن در نظر گرفت. آلودگی میتواند به شکل "پنهان" در آمده، ویروس در بدن حفظ شده و در تحت شرایط استرسزا همچون شركت در تمرین و مسابقات، مجددا فعال گردد. حالتی كه میتواند به بیماری دام منجر شود . این قابلیت )یعنی توانایی تبدیل ویروس به شکل " پنهان"(، شناسایی آن و كنترل بیماریهای مرتبط را با مشکل مواجه میسازد. اگرچه چهرههای بالینی متفاوتی را با هرپس ویروس اسبی نوع 3 مرتبط میدانند، اما شایعترین نمود درگیری، بیماری قسمتهای بالایی دستگاه تنفس است كه در بیشترین موارد خوش عاقبت و خودمحدود شونده بوده و لذا نیازی به دخالت درمانی نیز ندارد. آنچه كه در چند دهه اخیر EHV-1 را مورد توجه بیشتر قرار داده، آنسفالوپاتی ناشی از آلودگی با این ویروس ) EHM ) میباشد. مشکلی كه قدمتی طولانی داشته اما بر اساس مطالعات و گزارشات موجود، در این سالها بر تعداد موارد آن افزوده گردیده است. به این پرسش كه چرا تنها تعداد معدودی از دامهای در معرض ویروس، دچار نشانههای
عصبی میشوند؟ پاسخ قاطعی داده نشده است. در عین حال مطالعات صورت گرفته با تقسیم بندی EHV- 1 به دو نوع نروپاتیک و غیر نروپاتیک نشان داده كه ویروسهای گروه اول از توانایی بیشتری برای ایجاد آنسفالوپاتی برخوردار هستند. ضمن آن كه در حدود % 33 موارد شکل عصبی، به ویروس غیرنروپاتیک نسبت داده میشود.
Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM), caused by Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), is a neurologic condition marked by ataxia, urinary retention, limb paralysis, and occasionally death. The disease can affect both vaccinated and unvaccinated horses, with a higher prevalence in older and female horses. EHV-1 exists in two main genotypes: neuropathogenic (D752) and non-neuropathogenic (N752), the former being more virulent. Transmission occurs through direct and indirect contact, including nasal secretions, contaminated equipment, and fetal fluids. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, PCR testing, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and histopathology. There is no definitive treatment; however, supportive care alongside antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant therapy may improve outcomes. Preventive measures rely on strict biosecurity, quarantine, and stress reduction. While vaccination may not prevent EHM, it can reduce respiratory disease and abortion associated with EHV-1. Early detection and proper outbreak management are essential for controlling disease spread and minimizing losses.
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