تحلیلی بر عوامل موثر توسعه کارآفرینی درمحیط‌های شهری با تاکید بر گردشگری تفریحی ورزشی (نمونه موردی: جزیره قشم)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مهدی سوادی ¹

1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/08/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/11/01

کلید واژه: توسعه, کارآفرینی, گردشگری تفریحی ورزشی,

چکیده مقاله :

گردشگری تفریحی ورزشی از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮای ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﮐﺎﻻﻫﺎی ورزﺷﯽ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺟﺬاﺑﯿﺖ ﺑﺮای اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻻزم را ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. امروزه گردشگری تفریحی ورزشی فراتر از یک صنعت، به پدیده اجتماعی اقتصادی در سطح جهانی تبدیل شده است و ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ورزﺷﯽ و اراﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت گردشگری تفریحی ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ کلان شهرها ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. لذا پژوهش حاضر به بررسی گسترش و توسعه کارآفرینی با تاکید بر گردشگری تفریحی ورزشی در بستر مدیریت شهری قشم می پردازد. پژوهش حاظر از نظر هدف کاربردی و توسعه‌ای، از لحاظ روش انجام تحقیق، توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده است. به منظور جمع آوری اطلاعات از ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده شد و برای سنجش روایی پرسشنامه، از روایی صوری و محتوا استفاده شده است. حجم نمونه پژوهش تعداد 108 نفر تعیین شد که پرسشنامه به صورت تصادفی بین نمونه آماری توزیع شد. جهت تعیین اعتبار و روایی پرسشنامه در این تحقیق از روش اعتبار محتوااستفاده شده است. همچنین پایایی ابزار اندازه‌گیری برابر با 93/ آلفای کرونباخ بدست آمد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که از 10 شاخص سیاسی و دولتی و 10 شاخص زیست محیطی و کالبدی کارآفرینی در توسعه گردشگری ورزشی تعداد 6 شاخص سطح معناداری، را به خود اختصاص داده اند و از سوی دیگر از 10 شاخص های اقتصادی و اجتماعی 3 شاخص سطح معناداری، و  از 6 شاخص فرهنگی و بومی کارآفرینی در توسعه گردشگری ورزشی 1 شاخص سطح معناداری، را به خود اختصاص داده اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract
Entrepreneurship is the process of creating and achieving opportunities and pursuing them regardless of the resources that are currently available.
Sport recreational tourism provides the necessary ground for entrepreneurship development by creating demand for services and sporting goods and creating attractiveness for communities. Sport recreational tourism has become world-class socio-economic phenomenon beyond industry, and entrepreneurship helps develop macro-urban development through the creation of sports business and the provision of recreational tourism services. The present study addresses the development and development of entrepreneurship with an emphasis on sport recreational tourism in the context of urban management. In terms of purpose, this is an applied and developmental research and descriptive-analytic in terms of methodology. A questionnaire was used to collect information. For assessing the validity of the questionnaire, face validity and content were used, as well. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers and administrators of the General Directorate for Sports and Youth, administrators and administrators of the Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts and Tourism, Investors in Sports and Sports Entrepreneurship, Ph.D Students in Sport Management and Entrepreneurship Management. The results of the research showed that 10 of the political and governmental indicators and 10 environmental and physical indicators of entrepreneurship in the development of sport tourism ranked six indicators of significance level, and on the other hand, 10 indicators of economic and social indicators showed 3 significant levels, and six indices of cultural and native entrepreneurship in the development of sport tourism have 1 significant level indicator.
Key words: development, entrepreneurship, recreational tourism

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Aq Arkakoli, Anam Mohammad, Yahya Zadeh Far, Mahmoud, Gandum Fashan, Diana, Ismaili Khan Bebin, Nahid. (1398). Study of effective factors on domestic tourism demand in Golestan province. Tourism Planning and Development, 8 (30), 177-196


2. Ahmadpour Dariani, Mahmoud; Mohammad Kazemi, Reza; Khademi, Mehdi; Rezaei, Reza (1398). Identifying and analyzing the driving factors promoting the attractiveness of the destination for the development of medical tourism businesses. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 12 (4) 481-500.


3. Arbabian, Shirin; Zamani, Zahra; Rahimi, Masoumeh (2014) Investigating the effect of tourism on entrepreneurship development. Tourism planning and development. Volume 3, Number 10, pp. 116-106.


4. Baqersad, Wajih; Davari, Ali; Azizi, Mohammad (1398). Entrepreneurship ecosystem and competitiveness in selected industries. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development (4) 12, 521-540.


5. Tajzadeh Namin, Abolfazl; Khazaei Pool, Morteza (1394); The Impact of Customer Orientation and Entrepreneurship on Innovation and Business Performance in Tourism (Case Study: Travel and Tourism Services Offices in Mazandaran Province). Tourism Planning and Development, Volume 1, Number 13, pp. 187-205.


6. Taqvaee, Somayeh; Hejazi, Seyed Reza (1397). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on strategic learning: Explaining the role of impact-making strategy. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 301-320, 11 (2).


7. Heidari Chianeh, Rahim, Rezatabeh Azgami, Seyedeh Khadijeh, Soltani, Nasser, Motamedi Mehr, Akbar. (1392). An Analysis of Tourism Policy in Iran. Tourism Planning and Development, 2 (5), 11-32.


8. Dastum, Salah; Savadi, Mehdi (1396); Designing a Framework for Entrepreneurship Development in the Sports Tourism Industry, Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, Seventh Year, No. 2, Spring 2017, pp. 269-285.


9. Dehdashti Shahrokh, Zohreh; Fayazi, Morteza (1396); Marketing Management in Tourism Industry, Mahkameh Publications, Tehran.


10. Savadi, Mehdi; Hemmatinejad, Mehr Ali; Gholizadeh, Mohammad Hassan; Goharrostami, Hamidreza (2015); Evaluation of effective factors in tourism development with emphasis on public sports, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, Winter 2016, pp. 201-210.


11. Shahmari Golestan, Asgar; Farhoudi, Arash (1399). Identification and prioritization of brand equity components in tourism destinations (Case study: Khalkhal city). Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 77-90, 11 (40).


12. Kaviani, Aboutaleb; Rahmani, Bijan; Razavian, Mohammad Taghi; Alipour Nakhi, Abbas (1397). Assessing the role and impact of tourism entrepreneurship business environment development in order to achieve sustainable rural development (Case study: South Astarabad rural district in Gorgan). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 251-275.10 (2).


13. Abbasi, Taqi; Dizaj rasool (1398).  Fuzzy analysis of factors affecting foreign tourist attraction at the macro level. Tourism Planning and Development 95-110, 8 (30).


14. Farzin, Mohammad Reza, Abbaspour, Niloufar, Ashrafi, Yekta, Zargham Borujeni, Hamid. (1398). The effects of incoming tourism development on production and employment of economic sectors: A structural path analysis approach. Tourism and Development, 38-58, 8 (4).


15. Karimi, Tarane; Honvar, Afshar; Ashraf Ganjavi, Farideh (2013); The Relationship between Sports Tourism and the Development of Selected Urban Dimensions in Tehran, Sports Management and Development, No. 2, consecutive, 110-36.


16. Naseh, Negin; Taqwa, Labat (1398); Investigating the indicators of sustainable tourism in achieving economic, social, cultural and environmental values: providing a solution for the destructive effects. Man and the Environment25-39, 17 (3).


17. Morowat, Habib; Salem, Ali Asghar; Khadem Nematollahi, Mahboubeh (1397), Identifying Factors Affecting Foreign Tourism Demand, Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, Volume 18, Number 69, 306-275.


18. Mohammadi, Mehrnoosh; Rasool, Nazari (2015); Presenting the role model of sports tourism on entrepreneurship development in Isfahan, International Conference on New Research Findings in Sports Sciences, Tehran, Nikan Institute of Higher Education.


19. Mohammad Kazemi, Reza; Zafarian, Reza; Khodayari, Abbas and Javadinia, Mehran (1393). Identify entrepreneurial business opportunities in the sports industry with an information technology approach. Entrepreneurship Development, Volume 7, Number 1, Spring 2014, pp. 110-131.


20. Mohammad Kazemi, Reza; Hosseini Nia, Gholam Hossein; Ramazan Zarandi, Saeed (2013); The effect of entrepreneurial attitude on the performance of sports managers (Case study: Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran). Entrepreneurship Development, Volume 6, Number 1, Spring 1330, pp. 31-60.


21. Mohammad Kazemi, Reza; Omidi, Yavar (1390); Exercise: Event in each and every exercise, two in each exercise and the first in (1), 2 in (18), 1 and in 1390. pp. 69-86.


22. Moftahi, Hadi, Vafaei, Farhad, Namamian, Farshid, Vise, Seyed Mehdi. (1398). Designing a window of opportunity for entrepreneurship opportunities in the supply chain using the meta-combination method. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development.421-440, 12 (3).


23. Moghimi Esfandabadi, Hossein; Moeini, Seyed Reza (1398). Sociological analysis of the external challenges of creating social value of social entrepreneurial leaders with Bourdieu's habitual approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development581-600. 12 (4).


24. Mandalizadeh, Zeinab; Ehsani, Mohammad; Koozehchian, Hashem; Henry Habib (1394). Investigating the Environmental Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Development in Sports, Sports Management Studies, No. 92. June and July 4921 ,. Pp. 422-441.


25. Mousavi, Mir Najaf; Safar Alizadeh, Ismail; Abdullahzadeh, Mehdi (2016), Coastal Tourism, Tehran, Arad Ketab Publications.


26. Nazari, Mohsen; Esfidani, Mohammad Rahim; Tabatabai, Seyed Mehdi (2017) Evaluation of effective factors on attracting international tourists using the model of attraction, Economic Research, Volume 52, Number 1, Spring 1996, 215-243.


27. Victor TC, Middleton; Allen, Fayal; Michael, Morgan (2017); Marketing in Travel and Tourism, translated by Hassan Gholipour, Tahmourth; Bagheri, Fatemeh; Nikokar, Gholam Hossein, Mahkameh Publications, Tehran


28. Ball, Stephan. "The importance of entrepreneurship to hospitality, leisure, sport and tourism."Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network 1, no. 1 (2015): 1-14.


29. Ivandic, Neven & Sutalo, Ivan (2018). “The Contribution of Tourism to the Croatian Economy: An IO Approach”. Ekonomski Pregled, Vol. 69, No.1.


30. Kennelly, M & Toohey K .(2014), Strategic alliances in sport tourism: National sport organisations and sport tour operators, Sport Management Review, pp1-12.


31. Nova, Jana (2015). Developing the entrepreneurial competencies of sport management students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 174 (2015) 3916 – 3924.


32. Kim, W., Jun, H., Walker M., Drane D ,(2015) Evaluating the perceived social impacts of hosting large-scale sport tourism events: Scale development and validation, Tourism Management 48, pp12-32.


33. Ratten, Vanessa: (2012). Sport entrepreneurship: challenges and directions for future research. Int. J. Entrepreneurial Venturing, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2012, 65-76.


34. Vander Zee, Egbert (2011). Image improvement as a tangible legacy of Hallmark events; the case of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, Research Master Human Geography and planning Faculty of  Geosciences.


35. Van Truong, Nguyen & Shimizu, Tesuo (2018). “Input-Output Table for Transportation and Tourism Analysis: Construction and Applications”, Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.12.