الگوی سکونتگزینی جمعیت مهاجر با رویکرد اکولوژی اجتماعی در شهر رشت
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
نصراله مولائی هشجین
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد الکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران و استاد گروه جغرافیا, واحد رشت, دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
راما قلمبر دزفولی
2
(گروه شهرسازی، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران)
کلید واژه: ایران, الگو, شهر رشت, جمعیت مهاجر, سکونت گزینی, اکولوژی اجتماعی,
چکیده مقاله :
اکولوژی اجتماعی شهر، شیوههای اجتماعی و اقتصادی شهر را به تصویر میکشد و بر هویت محیط اجتماعی شهر تاکید دارد و در پی آن است تا همه شهروندان بتوانند به زندگی شایستهای دست یابند. جداییگزینی های اجتماعی-فضایی یکی از مسایل مهم کنونی شهرها به شمار میرود و از زمینههای بروز این پدیده، حضور مهاجرین در شهرها است که با توجه به شرایط شان مکانهای خاصی از شهر را برای سکونت خود انتخاب میکنند. جداییگزینی جمعیت مهاجر در قالب نقطهای، لکهای و پهنهای در بخشهای خاصی از شهر و بویژه سکونتگاههای غیررسمی شکل گرفته و گسترش پیدا میکند. شهر رشت بزرگترین و مهمترین شهر منطقه شمال ایران، شهری مهاجرپذیر است که جمعیت آن طی سالهای 1335 تا1395 ازتعداد 109491 نفر به 679995 نفر، تحت تاثیر مهاجرتهای درون استانی و برون استانی 2/6 برابر افزایش یافته است. هدف تحقیق حاضر تحلیل الگوی سکونتگزینی جمعیت مهاجر با رویکرد اکولوژی اجتماعی در شهر رشت است که از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روششناسی، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، کارشناسان فنی شهرداریهای مناطق پنجگانه شهر رشت است که با بهرهگیری از طراحی و تکمیل تعداد 38 پرسشنامه به روش دلفی، دادهها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در کنار مطالعات اسنادی جمعآوری شده است.یافتههاو نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد الگوی سکونت جمعیت مهاجران به صورت؛ نقطهای، لکهای و پهنهای بوده که این الگو در محلات با نسبت بالای جمعیت مهاجر مانند برخی محلات مناطق چهار و پنج برعکس میباشند. برنامهریزی از طریق آمادهسازی زمینهای بلافصل شهر رشت مطابق با طرحهای جامع و تفصیلی و نیز ساختاری-راهبردی به توسعه کالبدی-فضایی و بویژه توسعه اجتماعی-فرهنگی الگوی سکونت پهنهای، لکهای و نقطهای مهاجرین کمک خواهد نمود.
The social ecology of the city portrays the social and economic practices of the city and emphasizes the identity of the social environment of the city and seeks so that all citizens can achieve a proper life. Socio-spatial segregation is one of the most important current issues in cities and one of the causes for this phenomenon is the presence of immigrants in cities who choose certain places in the city for their residence according to their circumstances. Separation of the migrant population in the form of spatial, spotty and point patterns in certain parts of the city and especially informal settlements has been formed and spread. Rasht city is the largest and most important city in the northern region of Iran, and is an immigrant city that its population has increased 6.2 times during the years 1956 to 2016 from 109491 to 679995 people, under the influence of intra-provincial and extra-provincial migrations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the settlement pattern of the immigrant population with a social ecology approach in Rasht, which was applied and descriptive-analytical study in terms of purpose and also methodology and nature, respectively. The population of the study was the technical experts of the municipalities of the five districts of Rasht city, which the required data and information have been collected along with documentary studies using the design and completion of 38 questionnaires by Delphi method. Findings and results showed that the settlement pattern of the immigrant population has been spatial, spotty and point which this pattern was reversed in neighborhoods with a high proportion of immigrant populations, such as some neighborhoods in districts four and five. Planning through the preparation of immediate lands of Rasht city in accordance with comprehensive and detailed plans as well as structural-strategic plans will help the physical-spatial development and especially socio-cultural development of the pattern of spatial, spotty and point settlement of immigrants.
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