ارزیابی اثرگذاری شاخصهای توسعه پایدار شهری در توسعه حمل و نقل پاک (مورد مطالعه: بخش مرکزی شیراز)
محورهای موضوعی : سیاستگذاری شهری
مجید تنی
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یعقوب پیوسته گر
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مهرداد خلقی فرد
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سید یعقوب ذوالفقاری فر
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1 - دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
کلید واژه: توسعه, توسعه پایدار, حمل و نقل شهری, حمل و نقل پاک, شیراز.,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه ترافیک شهری و مسائل و مشکلات ناشی از آن تأثیرات بسیار عمیقی بر توسعه پایدار شهری و کیفیت زندگی کلانشهرهای کشورهای در حال توسعه گذارده است. از این رو ضرورت توجه به توسعه حمل و نقل پاک در شهرهای بزرگ این کشورها افزایش یافته است. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اهمیت شاخصهای توسعه پایدار شهری بر توسعه حمل و نقل پاک در بخش مرکزی شهر شیراز انجام شده است. این پژوهش از روشهای پیمایشی و توصیفی- تحلیلی به صورت ترکیبی استفاده شده است. به بیان دیگر داده های مورد نیاز این پژوهش از طریق روش های کتابخانه ای و میدانی (پرسشنامه) جمعآوری گردیده است. یافتهها بیانگر این است که میانگین تمام گویههای شاخصهای توسعه پایدار شهری (زیست محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی- فرهنگی) در راستای حمل و نقل پاک در بخش مرکزی شهر شیراز از دیدگاه شهروندان بالاتر از حد متوسط قرار داشته است. در این رابطه سطح معناداری یا مقدار خطای آلفا (Sig) آزمون تی برای تمام شاخصها برابر با 000/0 بوده است. چگونگی وضعیت شاخصهای توسعه پایدار شهری (زیست محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی- فرهنگی)، بر توسعه حمل و نقل پاک در منطقه هشت شهر شیراز تأثیرگذار است. از این رو تقویت این شاخصها در راستای توسعه حمل و نقل پاک در محدوده مورد مطالعه حائز اهمیت میباشد. تا به حال پژوهشی در زمینه ارزیابی اثرگذاری شاخصهای توسعه پایدار شهری بر توسعه حمل و نقل پاک در منطقه هشت شهر شیراز انجام نشده است؛ لذا از این نظر این پژوهش دارای نوآوری می باشد.
Nowadays, urban traffic and the issues and problems arising from it have had a very deep impact on sustainable urban development and the quality of life in the metropolises of developing countries. Therefore, the need to pay attention to the development of clean transportation in the big cities of these countries has increased. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the importance of sustainable urban development indicators on the development of clean transportation in the central part of Shiraz city. This research has used a combination of survey and descriptive-analytical methods. In other words, the data required for this research has been collected through library and field methods (questionnaire). The findings indicate that the average of all items of sustainable urban development indicators (environmental, economic and socio-cultural) in line with clean transportation in the central part of Shiraz city from the citizens' point of view is above average. Has been in this regard, the significance level or the value of the alpha error (Sig) of the t-test for all indicators was equal to 0.000. The status of sustainable urban development indicators (environmental, economic and socio-cultural) has an impact on the development of clean transportation in the eight cities of Shiraz. Therefore, it is important to strengthen these indicators in order to develop clean transportation in the studied area. Until now, no research has been conducted in the field of evaluating the impact of sustainable urban development indicators on the development of clean transportation in the eight cities of Shiraz; Therefore, from this point of view, this research is innovative.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Urbanization is expanding and intensifying worldwide, influenced by heterogeneous and ever-changing transformations in the global system. Given that in 2008, for the first time, more than half of the world’s population lived in cities, this issue has become more critical than ever. The increase in urban population and uncontrolled urban growth have led to serious environmental, economic, and social challenges in the metropolises of developing countries. The transportation system is recognized as one of the fundamental elements of urban development, contributing to various structural and organizational issues in cities. In this regard, urban transportation, especially in developing countries, holds significant importance and directly affects the quality of life of citizens. Sustainable urban development and sustainable transportation are concepts that have gained attention to reduce urban pollution and improve the quality of life in urban communities. Developing countries are investing in clean and sustainable transportation infrastructure to control the negative effects of traffic and pollution while enhancing social and economic infrastructure. In this context, the use of renewable fuels, the expansion of cycling and pedestrian facilities, and other initiatives adopted by developed countries are being considered. Shiraz, as one of the most important population centers in Iran, has been facing challenges such as environmental pollution, heavy traffic, and declining quality of life due to population growth and excessive use of motor vehicles. The central area of Shiraz, which holds historical and cultural significance, struggles with major issues such as the lack of proper transportation routes, conflicts between pedestrian and vehicular flows, and environmental pollution. This study examines the role of sustainable urban development indicators in promoting clean transportation in District 8 of Shiraz from the perspective of its citizens. The objective of this research is to identify and mitigate problems caused by traffic and pollution in Shiraz and to explore solutions for sustainable urban transportation development. Given the existing challenges, improving infrastructure and focusing on sustainability in the transportation system can help reduce current problems and create a suitable foundation for sustainable development. This research could serve as a model for other metropolises in developing countries, enabling them to enhance their transportation systems and improve the quality of life in their cities by learning from Shiraz’s experiences.
Methodology
This research is an applied-developmental study conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection approach in this study includes both library and field research, with a theoretical analysis as the dominant perspective in terms of its nature. Overall, in different stages of the present study, a combination of survey and descriptive-analytical methods has been utilized. The data collection method consists of both field and library-based approaches. The library-based data were obtained through the review of articles, books, and projects carried out by organizations related to urban management and transportation in Shiraz, such as the Shiraz Municipality, Shiraz Governor's Office, Shiraz Municipality's Transportation and Traffic Center, as well as reputable international scientific sources. For field data collection, a questionnaire was used to measure and evaluate the research variables. The statistical population of this study consists of citizens residing in District 8 of Shiraz Municipality. The sample size, determined using Cochran's formula, was 390 individuals, who were selected through simple random sampling and surveyed accordingly. In this study, to assess the significance of sustainable urban development indicators on the promotion of clean transportation (walking and cycling), descriptive statistical tests and the one-sample t-test were applied using SPSS22 software.
Results and discussion
The present study, aimed at examining the role of sustainable urban development indicators in the development of clean transportation in District 8 of Shiraz Municipality, surveyed a sample of 390 residents from this area. According to descriptive statistics, 60.3% of participants were male, and 39.7% were female. In terms of age, 3.6% were under 20 years old, 30% were aged 20 to 29, 40.5% were aged 30 to 39, 16.4% were aged 40 to 49, 6.2% were aged 50 to 59, and 3.3% were aged 60 to 69. Additionally, 40.3% of participants were single, while 57.7% were married. Regarding education, 3.3% had less than a high school diploma, 19% had a high school diploma, 52.6% held a bachelor’s degree, 21.8% had a master’s degree, and 3.3% held a PhD. Descriptive statistics also indicate that citizens assigned relatively lower importance to indicators related to the transportation system. The lowest mean scores were recorded for the employment rate in the transportation sector (2.24) and per capita fossil fuel consumption (2.56). In contrast, the highest mean scores were associated with investment in the transportation sector (4.35) and air pollution (4.12). Overall, more than half of the sustainable development indicators related to the use of clean transportation were assessed by citizens at a moderate to high level. A table provided further insights into citizens' perspectives on clean transportation indicators. The lowest mean scores were attributed to parking costs (2.35) and traffic policies (2.58), while cultural restrictions (women) (4.59) and budget allocations (4.34) had the highest importance. The one-sample t-test results indicated that the mean scores for all statements related to sustainable urban development indicators for clean transportation were above the average level from the citizens' perspective. The alpha error value (Sig) for all indicators was less than 0.05, confirming that sustainable urban development indicators positively impact the clean transportation system in District 8 of Shiraz. District 8 of Shiraz, due to its high population density and historical and cultural attractions such as Karim Khan Citadel and Shah Cheragh, holds significant importance. However, poor urban design and heavy traffic have negatively impacted the quality of life for residents. Analysis of maps reveals poor road distribution and increased traffic congestion. Therefore, recommendations include developing pedestrian and cycling paths to improve clean transportation in the area. For instance, the streets surrounding Karim Khan Citadel and Shah Cheragh could be converted into dedicated bicycle lanes. By implementing such strategies, a sustainable transportation system can be established, ultimately enhancing the quality of life in Shiraz.
Conclusion
In recent decades, urbanization and industrialization have increasingly expanded in developing countries, necessitating the development of appropriate infrastructure to support these changes. Urban transportation plays a crucial role in economic and social development, yet current transportation systems face numerous challenges. In particular, the growing demand for transportation services due to urbanization and population growth has not been accompanied by parallel advancements in transportation systems. In this regard, the development of clean transportation can help address many of the pressing issues in these cities. The present study examines the impact of sustainable urban development indicators on clean transportation in central Shiraz from the citizens' perspective. The findings indicate that these indicators have a positive and statistically significant impact. Additionally, several recommendations for the development of clean transportation in District 8 of Shiraz have been proposed, including reducing pollution, improving public spaces and green areas, enhancing economic security, and promoting spatial justice. Other proposals include leveraging cultural potentials, enhancing clean transportation infrastructure in tourist areas, and implementing systematic monitoring in this sector. These recommendations provide a roadmap for improving clean transportation in Shiraz, contributing to urban quality of life and sustainable development.
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