تعیین عوامل موثر بر مدیریت مشارکتی در توسعه زیر ساخت های حمل و نقل درون شهری (مطالعه موردی منطقه 5 تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : سیاستگذاری شهری
ابوالفضل مشکینی
1
*
,
حسن شهنوازی
2
,
سید تیمور حسینی
3
1 - استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه ترافیک و حمل ونقل، دانشگاه افسری و تربیت پلیس امام حسن مجتبی (ع)، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: بسترسازی فرهنگی, نگرش به مشارکت, مشارکت مدیرتی, توسعه حمل و نقل,
چکیده مقاله :
حمل‌ونقل یکی از ارکان اصلی حیات شهری و پیش‌نیاز توسعه پایدار به شمار می‌رود که از طریق جابه‌جایی بار و مسافر، نقش اساسی در پیوند میان عوامل مختلف رشد و شکوفایی ایفا می‌کند. اهمیت مدیریت مشارکتی نهادهای ذی‌ربط در توسعه زیرساخت‌های حمل‌ونقل و کمبود پژوهش‌های جامع در این زمینه، ضرورت انجام مطالعه‌ای علمی را دوچندان ساخته است. ازاین‌رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت مشارکتی در توسعه زیرساخت‌های حمل‌ونقل درون‌شهری، به‌طور خاص در منطقه ۵ تهران انجام گرفت. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. داده‌ها از جامعه آماری شامل ۲۰۳ نفر از کارکنان حوزه حمل‌ونقل و خدمات شهرداری منطقه در سال ۱۴۰۲ گردآوری شد که بر اساس فرمول کوکران، ۱۰۷ نفر به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب گردیدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه بوده و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل از آزمون‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی شامل همبستگی، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، آزمون فریدمن و رگرسیون چندمتغیره با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS بهره گرفته شد. یافته‌های تحلیل عاملی نشان داد پنج عامل نگرش به مشارکت، عوامل مدیریتی، بسترسازی فرهنگی، عوامل اجرایی و ساختار سازمانی در توسعه زیرساخت‌های حمل‌ونقل نقش دارند. نتایج رگرسیون نیز آشکار ساخت که چهار عامل نگرش به مشارکت، مدیریتی، اجرایی و بسترسازی فرهنگی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری داشته، اما ساختار سازمانی تأثیر چندانی نداشته است. همچنین، پایایی ابزار با آلفای کرونباخ 81/0 برای متغیر وابسته و 84/0 برای متغیرهای مستقل تأیید گردید. این نتایج اهمیت توجه به مشارکت ذی‌نفعان، تقویت بسترهای فرهنگی و بهبود مدیریت اجرایی را در توسعه پایدار حمل‌ونقل شهری برجسته می‌سازد.
Transportation is one of the main pillars of urban life and a prerequisite for sustainable development, as it plays a fundamental role in linking various factors of growth and prosperity through the movement of goods and passengers. The importance of participatory management by relevant institutions in the development of transportation infrastructure, coupled with the lack of comprehensive research in this area, has made conducting a scientific study even more necessary. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting participatory management in the development of urban transportation infrastructure, specifically in District 5 of Tehran. This study is applied in nature, and its method is descriptive analytical. Data were collected from a statistical population of 203 employees working in the transportation and municipal services sector of the district in 2023, of which 107 individuals were selected as the sample based on the Cochran formula. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and descriptive and inferential statistical tests including correlation, exploratory factor analysis, Friedman test, and multiple regression were employed for analysis using SPSS software. The findings of the factor analysis indicated that five factors attitude toward participation, managerial factors, cultural groundwork, operational factors, and organizational structure play a role in the development of transportation infrastructure. Regression results further revealed that four factors attitude toward participation, managerial, operational, and cultural groundwork had a positive and significant impact, while organizational structure had little effect. Additionally, the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.81 for the dependent variable and 0.84 for the independent variables. These results highlight the importance of stakeholder participation, strengthening cultural foundations, and improving operational management in the sustainable development of urban transportation.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Transportation as a cornerstone is the axis of development and communication links of various activities and can manage the scouting of sectors and sub-sectors in the country's national economy. Transportation is considered a main issue and need in sustainable development; For this reason, management in transportation is one of the most influential economic and social human issues, and it makes attention to it for the special importance it can be and can be considered as a tool to achieve sustainable development, sustainable transportation is in harmony with politics. construction in the field of physical land planning and transportation planning in search of finding a balance between social and economic environmental qualities It is in the present and the future, and there is no doubt that the development of intra-city transportation brings vitality and strengthens the social and economic life of the city. It is transportation. If we accept that cities are the engines of the economy, then it is the transportation network that keeps these engines working. On the other hand, the inefficiency of the urban transportation system will lead to serious environmental effects such as air pollution and negative social and economic consequences and will cause inefficiency of the city's performance.
Methodology
Based on its purpose, this research is applied, and in terms of method, it is descriptive correlation. The statistical population includes all employees working in transportation and municipal services in District 5 of Tehran in 2023, totaling 203 individuals. Using Cochran’s formula, 107 participants were selected as the sample through available non-random sampling. Data were collected through library research and field surveys. In the first part, the Delphi method was applied qualitatively to identify and validate the dimensions of participatory management. In the second part, descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics included mean, variance, standard deviation, frequency distribution, and graphs presented in appropriate tables, while the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check data normality. Inferential analysis employed exploratory factor analysis, multivariate regression, and Friedman’s test using SPSS 26.To determine the factors and components of participatory management affecting transportation infrastructure development, the literature was first reviewed, and then expert opinions from university professors and cooperative management specialists were collected. Based on these inputs, a researcher-designed questionnaire was developed, containing multiple items across five subscales with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low, 5 = very high). The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach’s alpha on 30 pilot responses, resulting in a reliability coefficient of 0.88.
Results and Discussion
Different organizations in the countries of the world use different methods to solve the problem of human resources, one of the most common and important of them is the collaborative management style and method. According to many reports and existing facts, the success of most large companies is due to the appropriate use of this management style, which leads to the development of the individual capacity of employees and the creation of a spirit of self-confidence, responsibility and commitment in them Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the first research question. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 5 factors were introduced as the identified factors of participatory management on the development of intra-city transportation infrastructure, and each of these factors has several sub-criteria. In total, these factors have been able to explain 63.04% of the total variance of the variables. (Table No. Table 4) Based on the results of the basic research tables, the first factor under the title of organizational structure: the second factor is the executive factors, the third factor is cultural foundation with special value, the fourth factor is managerial factors with special value, and the fifth factor is the attitude to participation. was laid; It can be said that the attitude towards participation has the highest variance and special value. These results are in line with the findings of the global research of Bahmani (1400), Rostami and Nemati (1400), Moradi et al. (1399), and Naimpour; Shahin and Fard's Law (2018) according to the studied variables, it is somewhat aligned and congruent. In order to investigate the second research question, multiple regression was used. The influencing factors are those whose significance level is less than 0.05. Factors whose significance level is more than 0.05 have no effect at all. Because the significance level of executive factors β = 0.109, attitude to participation β = 0.178, managerial factors β = 0.188 and cultural foundation β = 0.187, the significance level is less than 0.05. were recognized as influential factors. Therefore, these factors have an effect on the dependent variable of the research. According to the results of the research, the organizational structure β = -0.081 is not effective in the development of intra-city transportation infrastructure. It was determined the average amount of cooperative management on the development of intra-city transportation infrastructure In the studied community, it is equal to 2.97, which is an acceptable score compared to the theoretical average of 2.55, but it can be increased. These results converge with the findings of Bahmani's global research (1400), Kord Rostami and Nemati (1400), Ghafari and Farahani (1400), Moradi et al. (2019), Arthur (2019). But with the findings of Naeempour; Shaheen and Fard (139), Monika and Veera (2019) and Kanti and Sharma (2019) are not consistent.
Zhang and Lee (2018) concluded that planners, policy makers and urban researchers should pay close attention to urban management before making decisions and adopting their policies, considering the unfavorable management criteria of urban transportation. Makarova et al. (2017) came to the conclusion that in order to solve the complexity of the urban transportation system and increase the sustainability of urban development, it is necessary to correctly identify possible risks and to design and implement appropriate strategies to solve each one. As a result, it can be seen that identification, assessment of consequences, methods of risk penetration, as well as strategic and sustainable urban development require a comprehensive and effective collaborative management plan.
Conclusion
Participatory management system is one of the dynamic management systems that plays an important role in the development of human resources of organizations. Collaborative management system is a system of intellectual and scientific cooperation of employees of an organization with different management levels of that organization. In the participatory management system, all the people of the organization actively try to solve problems and improve the productivity of the organization and cooperate with the management in the form of presenting plans, proposals, and cooperation in decision-making. Co-thinking, participation, asking for opinions and valuing group work will bring together thoughts and abilities and do all things in the best way, and if organizations want to achieve such a result, they must They seek to motivate and attract the participation of their employees, and this is important when they believe that people are not tools and means in the work process, but an effective factor in achieving the organization's goal.
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