نسبت فضای شهری با جُرم و آسیب‌های اجتماعی با تأکید بر رفتار پر خطر خودکشی (نمونه مورد مطالعه: شهر نورآباد)

ابوذر وفایی ¹ ( هیئت علمی )
کامران دولتیاریان ² ( دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. )

تاریخ ارسال : 1403/09/18 تاریخ تایید : 1403/12/05

کلید واژه: فضای شهری, آسیب‌های اجتماعی, خودکشی, مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری, شهر نورآباد.,

چکیده مقاله :

شهرنشینی به همراه تحولات پیچیده آن سبب گسترش انواع بی‌نظمی‌ها و آسیب‌های اجتماعی شده است. خودکشی رفتاری پرخطر و آسیبی اجتماعی است که در پایگاه اجتماعی و فرهنگی طبقات مختلف جامعه نفوذ کرده و پیامدهای ناگواری را برای جوامع به همراه داشته است. شهر نورآباد به دلیل مشکلاتی مانند بیکاری، اعتیاد، روحیه سنت‌گرایی، کمبود امکانات و خدمات و فقر اقتصادی- اجتماعی از رفتار پر خطر خودکشی رنج می‌برد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی علل و عوامل مؤثر بر خودکشی در شهر نورآباد لرستان است. روش تحقیق مطالعه حاضر کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. نمونه آماری موردپژوهش شامل 270 نفر از شهروندان شهر نورآباد می‌باشند که به صورت تصادفی ساده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Sample Power محاسبه شده است. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از روش اسنادی – میدانی و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات از نرم‌افزارهای آماری AMOS24, SPSS26 استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل از آزمون T تک نمونه‌ای بیانگر معنادار بودن ارتباط شاخص‌های پژوهش با رفتار پر خطر خودکشی در محدوده مورد مطالعه است. همچنین یافته‌های تحلیل مسیر ، نشان داد که بعُد اقتصادی با مقدار بتای (76/0=β)، بیش‌ترین بار عاملی را در گرایش به خودکشی به خود اختصاص داده است و پس ‌از آن مشخص گردید که متغیرهای خانوادگی با بتای (72/0=β)، متغیرهای فردی و روانی با بتای (73/0=β) و متغیرهای اجتماعی- فرهنگی با بتای (69/0=β)، بیش‌ترین عوامل اثر گذار خودکشی در شهر نورآباد می‌باشند. در نهایت یافته‌های مدل ساختاری پژوهش نشان داد که نماگرهای فضای شهری مانند زندگی کردن در محلات جرم خیز، نداشتن مسکن مناسب برای زندگی، کمبود امکانات و خدمات تفریحی، بیکاری زیاد، تراکم جمعیت و مدرنیته، حکمروایی نامناسب شهری، استرس زیاد زندگی شهری و کمبود فضاهای سبز هر کدام به ترتیب با وزن‌های کوواریانسی (32/0)، (28/0)، (27/0)، (23/0)، (22/0)، (19/0)، (12/0)، (7/0) بر روی رفتار پر خطر خودکشی اثر گذارند.

 

چکیده انگلیسی :

Urbanization along with its complex developments has led to the spread of all kinds of social disorders and harms. Suicide is a risky behavior and a social harm that has penetrated the social and cultural base of different classes of society and brought unfortunate consequences for societies. The city of Noorabad suffers from high risk of suicide due to problems such as unemployment, addiction, traditionalism, lack of facilities and services, and socio-economic poverty. The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes and factors affecting suicide in Noorabad city of Lorestan. The research method of the present study is applied and descriptive-analytical. The statistical sample under study includes 270 citizens of Noorabad city, which was calculated by simple random sampling using Sample Power software. Documentary-field method was used to collect data and AMOS24, SPSS26 statistical software was used for data analysis. The results of the one-sample T-test show the significance of the relationship between the research indicators and the high-risk behavior of suicide in the study area. Also, the findings of the path analysis showed that the economic dimension with beta value (β=0.76) had the highest factor load in suicide tendency and then it was determined that family variables with beta (β=0.72), individual and psychological variables with beta (β=0.73) and social-cultural variables with beta (β=0.69) are the most influential factors of suicide in Noorabad city. Finally, the findings of the structural model of the research showed that the indicators of urban space such as living in crime-prone neighborhoods, not having suitable housing for living, lack of recreational facilities and services, high unemployment, population density and modernity, inappropriate urban governance, high stress of urban life and lack Green spaces each with covariance weights (0.32), (0.28), (0.27), (0.23), (0.22), (0.19), (0.12) , (0.7) affect suicidal behavior.

 

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