تبیین الگوی بازآفرینی شهری پایدار با تأکید بر نوآوری اجتماعی
بایزید شریفی
1
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دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
)
لطفعلی کوزه گر
2
(
استادیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
)
محمدتقی رضویان
3
(
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
)
کلید واژه: بازآفرینی شهری, توسعه محله¬ای, محله¬های ناکارآمد شهری , نوآوری اجتماعی,
چکیده مقاله :
در حل حاضر چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی در محله¬های ناکارآمد شهرهای بزرگ، بسیار چشمگیر به نظر می‌رسند. این محلات آزمایشگاه‌های ممتازی برای آزمایش استراتژی‌های یکپارچه بازآفرینی با رویکرد مکان‌محور و مردم محور هستند متأسفانه تاکنون رویکردهای مختلف بازآفرینی شهری در کشور از حل مشکلات این محدوده عاجز مانده¬اند. نوآوری اجتماعی در راهکاری مبتکرانه برای حل مشکلات در محله¬های ناکارآمد شهری است و نسبت به راه¬حل¬های قبلی اثربخش‌تر، کاراتر و پایدارتر است و به جای فرد، برای کل جامعه ارزش و منفعت خلق می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش تدوین نظریه¬ای است که بازآفرینی پایدار محدوده¬ها و محله¬های ناکارآمد شهری را با رویکرد نوآوری اجتماعی تبیین نماید. پژوهش حاضر از نوع بنیادی و از لحاظ هدف، اکتشافی است. پارادايم حاکم بر اين پژوهش، تفسیرگرايی است. رويکرد پژوهش، کیفی می¬باشد و از مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه¬ای برای گردآوری داده¬ها استفاده شده است. نظریه بازآفرینی شهری در پرتو نوآوری اجتماعی در سه سطح بررسی شده است. سطح اول شامل ابعاد بازآفرینی شهری (اقتصادی، اجتماعی، محیطی، کالبدی، حکومتی) می¬باشد. سطح دوم ویژگی¬های نوآوری اجتماعی (پایداری، همکاری، روابط اجتماعی، انسجام اجتماعی، مقیاس¬پذیری، شبکه¬ها، مدیریت) هستند که به عنوان یک قدرت انتقالی و کاتالیزور در بازآفرینی شهری عمل می¬کنند و باعث می¬شوند بازآفرینی شهری پایدار بصورت کامل تحقق پیدا کند. سطح سوم پیامدهای مثبتی هستند که در اثر فرآیند بازآفرینی شهری مبتنی بر نوآوری اجتماعی در محدوده¬های هدف ایجاد می¬شوند (افزایش کیفیت زندگی، تأمین نیازهای انسانی، توانمندسازی). در این راستا باید به قدرت نوآوری اجتماعی جهت دستیابی به بازآفرینی شهری پایدار توجه بیشتری شود تا بتوان درصد تحقق¬پذیری اهداف بازآفرینی شهری را در محله¬های ناکارآمد شهری را بالا برد. نوآوری اجتماعی به عنوان یک هدف مناسب برای یک شهر متنوع و فراگیر ظاهر می‌شود، اقتصاد را تقویت می‌کند و با تنوع¬بخشی به اکوسیستم فعالیت‌ها، محلات یک شهر را به زندگی باز می¬گرداند و منجر به حل نابرابری در توزیع فضایی و اجتماعی آسیب‌ها و مشکلات شده و به تحقق توسعه محله¬ای می¬انجامد. بر این اساس، هدف بازآفرینی شهری پایدار با رویکرد نوآوری اجتماعی ایجاد تغییرات اجتماعی¬_فضایی در بافت موجود محله و اصلاح روابط اجتماعی بین افراد، گروه‌ها و روابط قدرت در فرآیند برنامه‌ریزی است.
چکیده انگلیسی :
In the current solution, the environmental, social and economic challenges in the ineffective neighborhoods of big cities seem very impressive. Social innovation is an innovative way to solve problems in inefficient urban neighborhoods and is more effective, efficient and sustainable than previous solutions and creates value and benefits for the whole society instead of the individual. The purpose of this research is to develop a theory that explains the sustainable regeneration of ineffective urban areas and neighborhoods with the approach of social innovation. The current research is fundamental and exploratory in terms of purpose. The ruling paradigm of this research is interpretivism. The first level includes the dimensions of urban regeneration (economic, social, environmental, physical, governmental). The second level are the characteristics of social innovation (sustainability, cooperation, social relations, social cohesion, scalability, networks, management) which act as a transfer power and catalyst in urban regeneration and cause regeneration. A sustainable city will be fully realized. The third level is the positive consequences that are created as a result of the urban regeneration process based on social innovation in the target areas (increasing the quality of life, meeting human needs, empowerment). In this regard, more attention should be paid to the power of social innovation to achieve sustainable urban regeneration in order to increase the percentage of realization of urban regeneration goals in inefficient urban neighborhoods. Social innovation appears as a suitable goal for a diverse and inclusive city, it strengthens the economy, and by diversifying the ecosystem of activities, it brings the dysfunctional neighborhoods of a city back to life and leads to solving the inequality in spatial and social distribution. damages and problems and it leads to the realization of neighborhood development. Based on this, the goal of sustainable urban regeneration with a social innovation approach is to create socio-spatial changes in the existing context of the neighborhood and to improve social relations between individuals, groups and power relations in the planning process.
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