آموزش برنامۀ مداخلاتی آموزشی-روانی ویژۀ مادران نوزاد نارس و ارزیابی اثربخشی آن بر استرس فرزندپروری و بهبود رابطۀ مادر- نوزاد
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
سمیه حبیب پور
1
,
غلامعلی افروز
2
,
محسن شکوهی یکتا
3
,
محمد علی بشارت
4
,
ولی الله فرزاد
5
,
مریم نخشب
6
1 - استادیارگروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحدنکاء، نکاء، ایران
2 - استاد گروه روان شناسی کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد گروه روان شناسی کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 - استاد روان شناسی گروه روان شناسی عمومی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
5 - دانشیارگروه روان شناسی عمومی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، کرج، ایران
6 - دانشیار گروه علوم پزشکی ایران، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه مازندران، ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: مادران, استرس فرزندپروری, برنامه مداخله ای, نوزاد نارس, تعامل والد - نوزاد,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش آموزش برنامۀ مداخله‌ای آموزشی– روانی و ارزیابی اثربخشی آن بر استرس فرزندپروری و بهبود رابطۀ مادر- نوزاد بود . این پژوهش یک کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی بود که در سال 1396انجام شده است. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش عبارت است از کلیۀ مادران داری نوزاد نارس، بیمارستان‌های استان مازندران که از این میان 40 مادر به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرارگرفته‌اند. برنامۀ محقق‌ساختۀ مداخله‌ای روان‌شناختی-آموزشی شامل دوازده جلسۀ یک‌ساعته و ابزارهای پژوهش شامل مقیاس محقق‌ساختۀ استرس فرزندپروری (1397) و چک‌لیست محقق‌ساختۀ تعامل مادر-نوزاد (1397) بوده و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از طرح اندازه‌گیری مکرر و تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مداخلات آموزشی-روانی ویژۀ مادران نوزاد نارس، بر میزان کاهش استرس فرزندپروری و سه مولفۀ آن آشفتگی والدینی، تعامل آشفتۀ والد - نوزاد و انتظارات منفی والدینی اثر معنا داری گذاشته ((P<0.01 همچنین تعامل والد-نوزاد نیز بهبود پیدا کرده است((P<0.01. نتایج آزمون‌های تعقیبی نشان داده است که تنها مؤلفۀ رفتارهای احساسی تعامل والد - نوزاد متأثر شده است .(p<0.05) نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که برنامۀ مداخلاتی آموزشی-روانی بر کاهش استرس فرزندپروری و بهبود رابطۀ مادر-نوزاد مؤثر بوده است؛ بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود از این‌گونه برنامه‌ها در ارتقای کیفیت زندگی مادران با نوزاد نارس استفاده شود.
The purpose of the present study was an Instruction of psycho-educational intervention program and its effectiveness on parental stress and the improvement of mother-infant relationship. This research was in fact an accidental clinical tria that which was done in 2016.The statistical population of this study includes all mothers have a premature baby hospital of Mazandaran province , of these 40 mothers were selected by purposive sampling. And randomly divided into groups, control group and experimental group. Researcher- made Educational -psychological intervention program was twelve one-hour sessions. The tools used in this research were Parenting stress researcher made scale(2017)whose questions were selected from four scales of common parenting stress. And also a researcher made infant-mother interaction checklist(2017).It is worth mentioning that items of the checklist were selected from four checklist of common infant-mother interaction. To analyze the research data, Repeated measurement method and Multivariate analysis of variance were used.The results show that special psychological educational intervention for mothers of pre mature infants reduced the stress of parenting in mothers of premature infants and its three component such as parental disturbances, parental-infant disturbances and parental expectations (P < 0.01). And also improved mother-infant interaction(P<0.01). The results of follow-up tests showed that only component of sensitive behavior of mother-infant interaction has been affected(P < 0.05). The results of the study show psychoeducational intervention program reducing child stress and improving the mother-child relationship-baby has effect.Therefore, it is recommended to use this model of programs of mothers with premature babies.
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