رابطۀ تأثیر سبک‌های دلبستگی بر کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی، خشم و سازگاری هیجانی در دانشجویان
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتینادر حاجلو 1 , حدیث حیدری راد 2 , اوشا برهمند 3
1 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
3 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
کلید واژه: دانشجویان, سازگاری هیجانی, کمال‌گرایی, سبک دلبستگی, خشم,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی رابطۀ تأثیر سبک‌های دلبستگی بر کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی، خشم و سازگاری هیجانی در دانشجویان است. طرح پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری همۀ دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال تحصیلی 93ـ1392 بودند. از میان آنان 234 نفر به شیوۀ تصادفی خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای به‌عنوان گروه نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسالان (هازن و شیور، 1987)، مقیاس کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی (تری‌شورت و همکاران، 1995)، پرسشنامۀ کنترل خشم (ضیاءالدین رضاخانی، 1389) و پرسشنامۀ سازگاری هیجانی (رینالدز، 2001) بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندمتغیره تحلیل شد. نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون چندمتغیره نشان داد سبک‌های دلبستگی ناایمن (اجتنابی، دوسوگرا) فقط برای کمال‌گرایی منفی و برای سبک دلبستگی دوسوگرا فقط نسبت به خشم و برای سبک‌های دلبستگی ایمن، اجتنابی و دوسوگرا نسبت به سازگاری هیجانی توان پیش‌بینی دارد (05/0>P ). الگوهای دلبستگی، تعیین‌کنندۀ بسیاری از رفتارها، عواطف و مناسبات بزرگسالان است، برای تکوین شخصیت ضروری و پایه‌ای برای سلامت روانی است. بنابراین نتایج این پژوهش با تأکید بر اهمیت تعامل در دوران کودکی و تأثیر آن بر رشد و سلامت روانی در بزرگسالی، پیش‌زمینه‌هایی برای انجام مشاورۀ روان‌شناسی خواهد بود.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and positive/negative perfectionism, anger, and emotional adjustment of students. The research was a correlationl study. The population consisted of all graduate students of University of Ardabil in 2013. From among them, 234 students were sampled using random sampling. The research tools consisted of Hazan and Shaver Adult Attachment Scale (1987), Terry-short, et. al. Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (1995), Rezakhani Anger Control questionnaire (2010) and Raynolds Emotional Adjustment questionnaire (2001). The data were analyzed through Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression. The results of multiple linear regression indicated that insecure attachment styles (avoidant, ambivalent) could only predict negative perfectionism and ambivalent attachment style could predict anger (P<0.05). On the other hand, secure attachment styles (avoidant and ambivalent) could predict emotional adjustment (P<0.05). Attachment patterns can determine many behaviors, emotions and adults’ relations. They are necessary for personality growth and are the base for mental health. The results of this study emphasize the importance of interaction in childhood, its effect on the growth and mental health in adulthood, and can be the background for counseling.
Armsden GC, Greenberg MT. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment; individual ifferences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc, 16, 27-54.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. I. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: separation. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: sadness and. depression. New York: Basic Books.
Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionist’s script for selfdefeat.Psychology Today, 14, 34-52.
Buss AH. The psychology of aggression. New York: Wiley; 1961.p. 9-11.
Buhrmester D. (2005). Adolescent interpersonal competence questionnaire manual, retrieved August 9. via email from Duane Buhrmester.
Cassidy J., shaver P. R. ( 1999). Handbook of Attachment: theory, research, and clinical applicatins. New York: Guilfordpress.
Cassidy, J. (1994). Emotion regulation: influences of attachment relationships. In N. Fox (Ed.), Biological and behavioral foundations of emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59 (240).
Collins, NL., Cooper, L., Albino, A., Allard, L. (2002). Psychosocial vulnerability from adolescence to adulthood: A prospective study of attachment style differences in relationship functioning and partner choice. J Pers, 70(6): 965-1007.
Crain, W. (2005). [Theories of development: Concepts and applications]. 1st ed. Khoyinejad GH, Rajayi AR. (translator). Tehran: Roshd, 77-94.
Davis, C. (1997). Normal and neurotic perfectionism in eating disorders: an interactive model. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 421-426.
Doyle AB, Markieweiz D. (2005). Parenting marital conflict and adjustment from early-to midadolescence: Mediated by adolescent attachment style. J Youth Adolesc, 34: 97-110.
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., &amp; Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. CognitiveTherapy and Research, 14, 449-468.
Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., &amp; Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126.
Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normaland neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15, 27-33.
Harter, S. (1998). The development of selfrepresentations. In W. Damon &amp; N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: vol. 3. (pp. 553-617). New York; Wiley.
Hazan, C., &amp; Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
Hoffman, JP. (2002). The community context of family structure and adolescent drug use. J Marriage Fam,64 (2): 314-30.
Hojat M, Crandall R. (1989). Loneliness: theory, research and applications. California: Sage publications Inc.
Holmes, J. (2001). John Bowlby &amp; Attachment theory (Makers of Modern Psychotherapy). Rutledge.
Keskin, G. (2008). relationship between mental health, parental attitude and attachment style in adolescence. Anadolu Journal of Psychiatry.9 (3).pp139-147.
Kobak, R. R., Hazan, C. (1991). Attachment in marriage: Effects of security and accuracy of working models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 861-869.
Kobak, R. R., Cole, H. E., Ferenz- Gillies, R., Fleming, W. S., Gamble, W. (1993). Attachment and emotion regualtion during mother-teen problem solving:A control theory analysis. Child Development, 64, 231-245.
Lawler- Row, K., younger, J., W, Piferi, R., Jones, W. (2006). the role of adult attachment style in forgiveness following an interpersonal affiances. Journal of counseling &amp; development . 84, 4, pp493-502.
Laible, DJ., Carlo, G., Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. J Youth Adolesc ; 29:45-59.
Mikulincer, M., Sheffi, E. (2000). Adult Attachment Style and Cognitive Reactions to Positive Affect: A Test of Mental
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment theory and emotions in close relationships: Exploring the attachment-related dynamics of emotional reactions to relational events. Personal Relationships, 12, 149-168.
Miller, S. B. (1996). Shame in context. Hilsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
Muris, P., Meesters, C., Morren, M., Moorman, L. (2004). Anger and hostility in adolescents: Relationships with self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing styles. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57: 257-264.
Noom MJ, Dekovic M, Meeus WHJ. (1999). Autonomy, attachment and psychosocial adjustment during adolescence: A double-edged sword? J Adolesc, 22,771-83.
Parker W.D. (1997). An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children. American Educational Research Journal, 34, 545-562.
Reynolds WM. (2001). Reynold′s adolescent adjustment screening inventory (RAASI): Professional manual. Lutz, fl: Psychological Assessment Resources, 22-8.
Rice, K. G., &amp; Mirzadeh, S. S. (2000). Perfectionism, attachment, and adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 238-250.
Rose-Krasnor, L., Rubin, KH., Booth, CL., Coplan, R. (1996). The relation of maternal directive nessand child attachment security to social competence in preschoolers. Int J Behav Dev,19: 309-25.
Saarni, C., Mumme, D. L., Campos, J. J. (1998). Emotional development: action, communication, and understanding. In W. Damon &amp; N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: vol. 3. (pp. 237-309). New York; Wiley.
Safford, SM. (2002). The relationship of attachment style and cognitive style to depression, anxiety and negative affectivity. Ph.D. Dissertation. Temple University, 12-46.
Shaver, P. R., Collins, N., &amp; Clark, C. L. (1996). Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach, pp. 25-61.
Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X., &amp; Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 685-715.
Slade, P. D., &amp; Owens, R. G. (1998). A dual process model of perfectionism based on reinforcement theory.Behavior Modification, 22, 372-390.
Sorotzkin, B. (1998). Understanding and treating perfectionism in religious adolecents. Psychotherapy, 35, 87-95.
Stoeber, J., Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: approaches, evidence, chalenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 295-319.
Terry-short, L. A., Owens, R. G., Slade, P. D., &amp; Dewey, M. E. (1995). Positive and negative perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 663-668.
Troisi, A., D’Argenio, A. (2004). The relationship between anger and epression in a clinical sample of young men: the role of insecure attachment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 79(1–3): 269-272.
Wei, M., Vogel, DL., Ku, TU., Zakalik, RA. (2005). Adult attachment, affect regulation, negative mood and interpersonal problems. J Couns Psychol, 52: 14-24.