بررسی تجربه زیسته دانش آموزان افغانستانی در تعاملات و ارتباطات درون مدرسه‌ای در دوره متوسطه اول
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسینسرین کریمی زاده 1 , کورش فتحی واجارگاه 2 , محبوبه عارفی 3 , علیرضا صادقی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: دانش آموزان افغانستانی, تجربه زیسته, تعامل و ارتباط, آموزش, دوره متوسطه اول,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر یک پژوهش کیفی با هدف شناسایی و فهم تجربه زیسته دانش آموزان افغانستانی از تعاملات و ارتباطات درون مدرسه‌ای در دوره متوسطه است که با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی انجام گرفته است. روش نمونه گیری در این پژوهش روش نمونه گیری هدفمند است که در مطالعات پدیدارشناسی بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. بدین منظور، داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با 12نفر از دانش آموزان افغانستانی که در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 در مدارس متوسطه دوره اول در منطقه 7 تهران در حال تحصیل بودند، به دست آمد. به این ترتیب که با 10 نفر مصاحبه به عمل آمد و در مصاحبه دهم نکته جدیدی یافت نشد ولی برای اطمینان، پژوهشگر مصاحبه را تا نفر دوازدهم ادامه داد تا از به حد اشباع رسیدن، اطمینان حاصل نماید. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات شامل مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته، ژورنال نویسی، مشاهده میدانی و یادداشت برداری بود. یافته ها با استفاده از روش ون منن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها بیانگر آن است که حقایقی نظیر تحقیر دانش آموزان افغانستانی، رفتارهای تبعیض آمیز برخی معلمان نسبت به دانش آموزان افغانستانی، خودسانسوری، وجود دو دستگی میان دانش آموزان، به حاشیه رانده شدن، درجه دوم تلقی شدن، دیده نشدن و سکوت اجباری در میان دانش آموزان افغانستانی به دست آمد. برای بررسی روایی و اعتبار پژوهش از روش بررسی متخصصان، اجماع داده ها به معنای استفاده از منابع چندگانه داده‌ها و اجماع روش شناسی یعنی استفاده از دو روش یا بیشتر در این پژوهش بهره برده شده است.
The present study is qualitative research aimed at identifying and understanding the lived experiences of Afghan students from interactions and communication within the school in high school, which has been done using phenomenological method. Sampling method in this research is purposeful sampling method which is mostly used in phenomenological studies. For this purpose, the data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 12 Afghan students who were studying in junior high schools in District 7 of Tehran in the academic year 1399-1499. In this way, 10 people were interviewed and nothing new was found in the tenth interview, but to be sure, the researcher continued the interview until the twelfth person to ensure saturation. Other tools such as journalism, field observation and note-taking were also used and the findings were analyzed by Van Manen method analysis. Research questions were designed about the relationship and interaction of Afghan students with their classmates and teachers, and the researcher sought to identify and understand what is going on in the interactions between Afghan students with their peers and teachers. After analyzing the interviews, facts such as humiliation of Afghan students, discriminatory behavior of some teachers towards Afghan students, self-censorship, existence of divisions among students, being marginalized, being considered secondary, not being seen and forced silence in Achieved among Afghan students. To examine the validity and reliability of the research, the method of expert review, data consensus means the use of multiple data sources and methodological consensus means the use of two or more methods in this research has been used.
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