بررسی تطبیقی دیدگاه مونته سوری و لوریس مالاگاتسی درزمینة تربیت اوان کودکی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیشهلا حسینی 1 , محمدحسین حیدری 2 , زهره سعادتمند 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)
2 - دانشیار فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
3 - دانشیار برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.
کلید واژه: مطالعه تطبیقی, مونته سوری, لوریس مالاگاتسی, تربیت اوان کودکی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه تطبیقی آموزه‌های مونته سوری و لوریس مالاگاتسی درزمینة تربیت اوان کودکی است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و با روش تحلیل فرارونده انجام شد. حیطه مطالعه، تمامی منابع نوشتاری و غیر نوشتاری ملی و بین‌المللی در حوزه موضوع پژوهش است. برای انتخاب نمونه از بین منابع و اسناد موجود از روش نمونه‌برداری نظری استفاده شد. در گردآوری داده‌ها نیز از روش فیش‌برداری الکترونیکی استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی از نوع نظام مقوله‌ای قیاسی و در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر وجود تشابهات زیاد بین دیدگاه مونته سوری و مالاگاتسی است. تأکید بر رشد همه‌جانبه کودکان، سازمان‌دهی تلفیقی برنامه درسی، استفاده از فعالیت‌های یادگیری متعدد، توجه به تفاوت‌های فردی کودکان، استفاده از روش‌های تدریس فعال و استفاده از روش‌های سنجش جایگزین یا اصیل از مهم‌ترین تشابهات بین این دو دیدگاه است. بااین‌حال بین دیدگاه مونته سوری و مالاگاتسی درباره عناصر برنامه درسی ازجمله هدف، روش‌های تدریس، نقش معلم و روش‌های سنجش تفاوت‌هایی نیز وجود دارد. در نهایت مهم‌ترین تلویحات دیدگاه مونته سوری و مالاگاتسی برای آموزش‌وپرورش پیش از دبستان ایران ارائه شد.
The purpose of this study is to compare the Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s View in the field of early childhood education. This qualitative research utilized a transcendental analytic method. The study field, all the national and international written and non-written references in the field of the research’s subject. For selecting the sample among the existing references and documents, theoretical sampling method was used. Also, electronic note taking was used for gathering the data. Data analysis was conducted by qualitative content analysis with deductive categorical system type and in three stages of open, central and selective coding. Results of the research suggested the presence of high similarities between the views of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi. Emphasis on comprehensive growth of children, integrative organization of curriculum, utilizing various learning activities, considering individual differences between children, using active teaching methods, and employing alternative or original assessment methods are among the most important similarities between these two views. However, there are some differences between the views of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi on curriculum, including goal, teaching methods, teacher’s role and assessment methods. Finally, the most important implications of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s views on pre-school education were discussed.
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