رابطة شیوة تدریس معلّمان و پرورش نگرش‌علمی دانش‌آموزان مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
فرشیده فتحی هفشجانی
1
(کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی شهید بهشتی تهران، ایران)
محبوبه عارفی
2
(دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
کوروش فتحی واجارگاه
3
(استاد دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: شیوة تدریس, کنجکاوی, تفکر انتقادی, خلاقیت, نگرش‌علمی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی رابطة شیوة تدریس معلمان و پرورش نگرش علمی دانش‌آموزان مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه، در مناطق چهارگانة (شمال، جنوب، شرق و غرب) تهران در سال تحصیلی 89- 88 بوده است. از میان تمامی این مدارس، بیست معلم و بیست کلاس با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامة محقق‌ساخته، چک‌لیست مشاهده، اسناد و فایل فعالیت‌های کلاسی گردآوری شد. داده‌ها با آزمون‌های کلومگروف اسمیرنف، فریدمن، دوجمله‌ای و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. طبق یافته‌ها، شیوه‌های مشارکتی، بدیعه‌پردازی، پرسش‌وپاسخ، بحث گروهی و آزمایشی با مؤلفة خلاقیت و شیوة ایفای نقش با کنجکاوی و تفکر انتقادی و شیوه تدریس واحدکار با هر سه مؤلفه همبستگی معنادار داشتند. بیشترین شیوه‌های تدریس به‌کار رفته حفظ و تکرار، سخنرانی، توضیحی، نمایشی و به‌وسیله رایانه و کم‌کاربردترین روش‌ها حل مسئله و پرسش و پاسخ، مشارکتی، ایفای نقش و واحدموضوعی بودند؛ و پیرامون مؤلفه‌های نگرش علمی کنجکاوی دانش‌آموزان مورد مطالعه در حد متوسط و خلاقیت و تفکر انتقادی آنان در وضعیت نامطلوبی قرار داشت.
This study aims at investigating the relationship between teaching methods and fostering the scientific attitude in the primary girl students in four regions (north, south, east, and west) of Tehran in academic year 2009-2010. 20 teachers and 20 classes were selected from among all these schools by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data were collected through researcher-made questionnaire, observation checklist, documents and the file of class activities and were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Friedman test, Binomial test and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. The findings revealed a significant correlation between collaborative, creative, question and answer, group discussion and experimental methods and the element of Creativity; the role playing methods and the elements of curiosity; and the teaching method and all three elements. The most commonly used methods were memorization and rehearsal, lecture, explanatory, expositive, and computer-aided method and the least commonly used ones were problem-solving and question and answer, collaborative, role-playing and thematic unit. The students under study were on average in terms of curiosity and at an unpleasant condition in terms of creativity and critical thinking.
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