برخیزش قهرمانان داستان های صادق هدایت در برابر وضع موجود (مورد مطالعه: زنی که مردش را گم کرد و مردی که نفسش را کشت)
محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی سیاسی
محمدعلی امینی
1
,
محمد همایون سپهر
2
*
,
وحید رشیدوش
3
1 - دانشجوي دكترا، مردم شناسي، دانشكده علوم اجتماعي و ارتباطات و رسانه، دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران مركز، تهران
2 - استادیار مردم شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
3 - استادیار گروه مردم‌شناسی واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: برخیزش, زنی که مردش را گم کرد, مردی که نفسش را کشت, مدرنیسم, صادق هدایت.,
چکیده مقاله :
از میان نویسندگان معاصر که تأثیر بسزایی در ادبیات ایران داشته است، میتوان به صادق هدایت اشاره کرد. بسیاری از پژوهشگران آثار او را مورد ارزیابی قرار داده اند و آثار ارزنده ای را به رشته تحریر در آورده اند. بیشتر داستانهای کوتاه هدایت، منتهی به مرگ می شود و قهرمانان آنها، آنچه را که تقدیر برایشان رقم زده است را می پذیرند. اما از آن میان، داستانهایی هستند که قهرمانان آنها در برابر ساختار اجتماعیِ موجود، سرکشی می کنند و منتظر نمی شوند که زندگیشان تابعی از شرایط موجود باشد و ایستایی و منفعل بودن، صفتی برای آنان شود. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناخت عواملی است که در طغیان یا برخیزش قهرمانان داستانهای «زنی که مردش را گم کرد» و «مردی که نفسش را کشت» نقش داشته اند. در این جستار از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به مطالعه دقیق متون داستانها پرداخته شده و از ابزارهایی مانند فیش برداری و منابعی مانند مقالات، کتابها، آرشیو استفاده و مکاتب نظری مدرنیسم و پسامدرنیسم برای تبیین موضوع مورد تأکید قرار گرفته شده است. گذار از سنت به مدرنیته تأثیر زیادی بر ساختار سیاسی- اجتماعی و در نتیجه شخصیت داستانهای هدایت داشته است. مردسالاری حاکم بر ساختار خانوادگی در داستان زنی که مردش را گم کرد، موجب پایبندی عمیق قهرمان داستان به این ساختار می شود اما آگاهی از خود واقعی شخصیت منفی داستان، موجبات برخیزش قهرمان داستان را فراهم می سازد. چنین شرایطی دقیقاً برای قهرمان داستان مردی که نفسش را کشت پیش می آید و آگاهی از ذات واقعی استاد، موجب طغیان او می شود به طوری که مرگ را بر زندگی ترجیح می دهد. آنان برخلاف شخصیت های سایر داستان های هدایت، دارای شخصیتی پویا هستند
Sadegh Hedayat can be mentioned among contemporary writers who have had a significant impact on Iranian literature. Many researchers have evaluated his works and have written valuable works. Most of Hedayat's short stories lead to death and their heroes accept what fate has decided for them. But among them, there are stories whose heroes rebel against the existing social structure and do not wait for their lives to be subject to the existing conditions and to be stagnant and passive. The main goal of this research is to know the factors that played a role in the rise or rise of the heroes of the stories "The Woman Who Lost Her Man" and "The Man Who Killed His Self". In this essay, a descriptive-analytical method is used to study the texts of the stories in detail, and tools such as flashcards and sources such as articles, books, archives, and theoretical schools of modernism and postmodernism have been emphasized to explain the issue. The transition from tradition to modernity has had a great impact on the political-social structure and as a result the character of Hedayat stories. The patriarchy ruling the family structure in the story of a woman who lost her husband causes the protagonist to adhere deeply to this structure, but the awareness of the true self of the negative character of the story causes the protagonist to rise. Such a situation exactly happens to the hero of the story of the man who killed himself, and the knowledge of the true nature of the master causes him to rebel - so that he prefers death to life. Unlike the characters of other Hedayat stories, they have a dynamic personalit
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