نقش چند منظوره کشاورزی شهری در توسعه مناظر شهری آینده
محورهای موضوعی : معماری منظر
فاطمه میرزایی پور میبدی
1
,
مرتضی ادیب
2
*
1 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: کشاورزی شهری, مزایای کشاورزی شهری, فراترکیب.,
چکیده مقاله :
رشد شهرها و افزایش جمعیت شهرنشین در سالیان اخیر سبب بروز مشکلات فراوانی برای سلامت محیط‌زیست شده است و این مشکلات با افزایش جمعیت بیشتر و پیچیده‌تر نیز خواهد شد. شهرنشینی نیز امری غیرقابل‌اجتناب است باید به فکر راهکارهایی جهت کاهش فشار بر طبیعت باشیم، تا نیازهای ساکنان شهر بدون فشار بر طبیعت و محیط‌زیست، توسط خود شهر تأمین گردد. در این میان، کشاورزی شهری، در برقراری ارتباط منطقی میان نیازهای شهری و حفظ کیفیت اکولوژیکی نقش ارزشمندی خواهد داشت. کشاورزی شهری نقشی مهم‌تر از تولید غذا دارد. پژوهش‌های متعددی در سال‌های اخیر به نقش کشاورزی شهری پرداخته‌اند و این پژوهش باهدف بازتعریف و جمع‌بندی نقش چندمنظوره کشاورزی شهری بر اساس بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی اسناد موجود از سال 2000 تا 2025 پرداخته است. با استفاده از نرم افزارvosviewer بر اساس پایگاه‌های Google scholar، web of science و scopus کلیدواژه‌های «urban agriculture» و «urban gardening» در هر پایگاه داده بر اساس زبان انگلیسی و دسترسی باز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آنست در بیشتر تحقیقات تأکید به نقش اقتصادی و امنیت غذایی کشاورزی شهری شده و دیگر جنبه‌های آن کمتری بررسی شده است. لازم به ذکر است کشاورزی شهری می‌تواند اهداف مختلفی داشته باشد که در طیفی از ترکیب‌های مختلف برهم‌کنش دارند. به طور کلی، کشاورزی شهری می‌تواند در تولید بهتر، تغذیه بهتر، محیط و انعطاف‌پذیری بیشتر، زندگی بهتر و زیبایی مناظر شهری نقش مؤثری و چندمنظوره‌ای داشته‌باشد. تحقیقات بیشتری نیز برای این که کشاورزی شهری چگونه می‌تواند به بهبود کیفیت و کمیت اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی کمک کند، موردنیاز است. باوجودآنکه کشاورزی شهری می‌تواند در اشکال مختلف و در مقیاس‌های مختلف می‌تواند ترکیب شود. نقشی که معماری منظر در حوزه کشاورزی شهری دارند شامل مشارکت در پروژه‌های تحقیقاتی و یا طراحی فضایی پروژه‌های کشاورزی شهری است.
The rapid growth of cities and the increasing urban population in recent years have led to numerous challenges for environmental health, and these issues are expected to become increasingly complex as populations continue to rise. Urbanization is an unavoidable trend, so it is essential to devise solutions that alleviate the pressure on nature while ensuring that the needs of city residents are met sustainably. In this context, urban agriculture can play a vital role in establishing a meaningful connection between urban demands and the preservation of ecological quality. Beyond mere food production, urban agriculture encompasses a variety of functions that warrant further exploration. Numerous studies in recent years have examined the diverse roles of urban agriculture. This research aims to redefine and summarize its multifunctional aspects through a review of existing literature from 2000 to 2025. The keywords "urban agriculture" and "urban gardening" were meticulously analyzed utilizing VosViewer software. This analysis was conducted across the Google scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases, with a specific focus on English-language publications available in open access. Findings indicate a predominant focus on the economic benefits and food security aspects of urban agriculture, while other dimensions are comparatively underexplored. It is crucial to recognize that urban agriculture can pursue various objectives, often interacting in a wide range of combinations. Overall, urban agriculture holds the potential to contribute to enhanced production, improved nutrition, a more resilient environment, elevated living standards, and the beautification of urban landscapes. Further research is needed to fully understand how urban agriculture can positively impact the quality and quantity of natural ecosystems. Additionally, urban agriculture can be implemented in various forms and scales, with landscape architects playing a significant role in this field through involvement in research and spatial design projects.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
According to the United Nations, it is projected that by 2050. In the long term, this trend could lead to a significant urban crisis, particularly in environmental and economic dimensions. There exist alternative approaches to urban development that aim to preserve green spaces and natural environments while addressing the demands of urban growth. Gardens, as integral components of productive landscapes and urban agriculture, play a vital role in urban settings at various scales. Recent studies have increasingly focused on the significance of urban agriculture within cities over different time periods, highlighting its multifaceted contributions. Given the importance of urban agriculture, it is essential to thoroughly examine its various roles and articulate these contributions. This research seeks to summarize and analyze the multiple roles of urban agriculture to better understand its impact on urban environments.
Methodology
The methodology of this research is a type of meta-synthesis, which is a form of secondary study and a kind of meta-study aimed at qualitative analysis of primary studies. In this method, findings and results of other studies on similar topics are synthesized and analyzed. Meta-synthesis primarily seeks to understand and explain a phenomenon, whereas meta-analysis, its counterpart, mainly aims to increase certainty and confidence in causal results within a specific field.
Results and discussion
To assess the achievement of the research objective, 23 codes related to urban agriculture components were ultimately extracted and classified into five dimensions. These dimensions consistently represent the most important and frequently cited aspects of urban agriculture in the literature:Food Security (production, access, and resilience), Environmental (green infrastructure, urban wastewater, soil, greenhouse gases, hazards, recycling, temperature, and noise), Economic and Livelihood (income generation, cost reduction, job creation, and circular economy), Socio-Cultural (awareness level, social inclusion and cohesion, cultural heritage, and safety and security), Health and Physical (mental and physical health). These dimensions are repeatedly emphasized as key themes in studies on urban agriculture.
Conclusion
Urban agriculture, once primarily focused on food production, has evolved into a multifaceted system offering diverse benefits. Qualitative meta-synthesis of previous studies and documents indicates that urban agriculture plays a significant and multidimensional role in food security, environmental sustainability, economic and livelihood improvement, socio-cultural development, health, and the urban physical landscape.According to the Shannon entropy weighting method, components such as risk management, safety and security, and greenhouse gas mitigation are prioritized in decision-making due to their higher impact. In contrast, components like social inclusion, wastewater management, aesthetics, temperature, production, accessibility, cost reduction, green infrastructure, and recycling have lower influence (entropy values near 1), reflecting a consensus among experts and suggesting the need for further research in these areas. Additionally, the review of existing studies reveals that Iran’s contribution to this field is relatively limited. Ultimately, it is argued that, despite the various roles urban agriculture can play at different scales, it should be integrated with urban open spaces and regarded as a fundamental infrastructure for creating sustainable, green, and resilient cities.
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