تدوین بسته آموزشی مداخلات روانشناختی خردمندانه برای پیشگیری از پرخاشگری نوجوانان بزهکار
محورهای موضوعی : روش ها و مدل های روانشناختی
کامران حکمت
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محبوبه فولاد چنگ
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1 - دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 - دانشیار بخش روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: مداخلات روانشناختی خردمندانه, پرخاشگری, نوجوانان بزهکار, تحلیل مضمون,
چکیده مقاله :
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زمینه و هدف: پیشگیری از پرخاشگری، بویژه در بین نوجوانان بزهکار اهمیت دارد. بر این اساس، هدف از این پژوهش تدوین بسته آموزشی مبتنی بر مداخلات روانشناختی خردمندانه برای پیشگیری از پرخاشگری نوجوانان بزهکار بوده است. روش: روش این پژوهش از نوع کیفی تحلیل مضمون و تکنیک آتراید استرلینگ و بر مبنای رویکرد قیاسی (مبتنی بر نظریه) بود. بدین منظور بر اساس منابع پژوهشی مرتبط در حوزه مداخلات خردمندانه، با استفاده از روش هدفمند و استفاده از معیار اشباع نظری، 19 مقاله چاپ‌شده در بازه زمانی سال‌های 2004 تا 2022 در مجلات معتبر داخل و خارج کشور مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و مضامین مرتبط با این حوزه استخراج شد. برای تحلیل مضامین از نرم‌افزار انویوو استفاده شد. در فرایند کار 29 مضمون پایه، 8 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده و 3 مضمون فراگیر شناسایی شدند. در ادامه، بر طبق چارچوب مفهومی به دست‌آمده، پروتکل مداخله آموزشی برای 6 جلسه تدوین شد. به منظور بررسی روایی محتوایی و اعتبار این بسته آموزشی از ضریب هماهنگی کندال (80/0) و ضریب هولستی (91/0) استفاده شد که حاکی از وضعیت قابل‌قبولی بودند. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که پروتکل آموزشی مبتنی بر مداخلات روانشناختی خردمندانه در کاهش پرخاشگری نوجوانان مؤثر بوده است. نتیجه‌گیری: مؤلفه‌های ارزش‌های شخصی و کمک به فرد در مسیر یکپارچگی خود می‌تواند به نوجوان کمک کند تا ضمن بیان احساس، قدرشناسی از دیگران و در عین حال حفظ ارزش‌های خود، توانمندی‌های روانی خود را ارتقا دهد. در این مداخلات بر نیاز نوجوانان به انسجام درونی تأکید شده و به آثار منفی تهدید احساس یکپارچگی فرد به‌وسیله تجارب منفی گذشته و تبعات ناشی از آن پرداخته شده است. این بسته آموزشی می‌تواند در تقویت انسجام درونی و ارتقای سلامتی نوجوان مؤثر واقع شود. |
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Background and purpose: Preventing aggression is important, especially among delinquent adolescents. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to develop an educational package based on wise psychological interventions to prevent aggression among delinquent adolescents. Methods: The present research method was qualitative, using the Atride Stirling technique and a deductive (theory-based) approach. For this purpose, based on relevant research sources in the field of wise interventions, using a purposeful method and using the theoretical saturation criterion, 19 articles published in reputable journals in and outside the country between 2004 and 2022 were reviewed and themes related to this field were extracted. Nvivo software was used to analyze the themes. In the work process, 29 basic themes, 8 organizing themes, and 3 overarching themes were identified. Subsequently, according to the conceptual framework obtained, an educational intervention protocol was developed for 6 sessions. The content validity and reliability of this educational package was evaluated using the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (0.80) and the Holstie’s coefficient (0/91), which indicated an acceptable situation. Findings: The findings of the research showed that the educational protocol based on wise psychological interventions was effective in reducing the aggression of teenagers. Conclusion: The components of personal values and helping a person on the path of adolescent’s integration can help him to express his feelings, appreciate others and at the same time maintain his values, improve his psychological capabilities. In these interventions, the need of teenagers for internal cohesion is emphasized, the negative effects of threatening the individual's sense of integrity through past negative experiences and its consequences are discussed. This educational package can be effective by strengthening his inner cohesion and improving his health. |
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