بررسی رابطه بین سازمان یادگیرنده و فرهنگ یادگیرنده (مطالعه موردی)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیفرج اله رهنورد 1 , فضل اله زارع پور 2
1 - استادیار مؤسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه ریزی
2 - کارشناس ارشد مدیریت دولتی
کلید واژه: یادگیری سازمانی, سازمان یادگیرنده, فرهنگ یادگیری, یادگیری مستمر, یادگیری تیمی,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه یادگیری سازمانی نه یک انتخاب بلکه یک ضرورت استراتژیک در حیات سازمانها محسوب می شود. تلاش برای ارتقای سطح یادگیری سازمانی، موضع رقابتی سازمانها و ملت ها را در سطوح محلی، ملی، و منطقهای تحکیم می بخشد. بررسی ارتباط بین یادگیری سازمانی و دیگر عناصر سازمانی این امکان را فراهم میسازد تا بتوان برای بهبود یادگیری از سازوکارهای مناسب بهره گرفت. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهد که بین یادگیری سازمانی و فرهنگ یادگیری رابطه معنادار وجود دارد. در ضمن، بین فرهنگ یادگیری با تک تک ابعاد یادگیری که عبارت‌اند از یادگیری مستمر، پرسش و گفتگو، یادگیری تیمی، توانمند سازی، سیستم جایگیری، ارتباط سیستم، و رهبری استراتژیک نیز رابطه معنادار برقرار است. این ارتباط، بویژه با یادگیری تیمی و رهبری استراتژیک از همه بالاتر است. همچنین رابطه بین فرهنگ یادگیری با سطوح مختلف یادگیری سازمانی معنادار است و درجه همبستگی در سطح سازمانی بیشترین میزان (95/0r=) را به خود اختصاص داده است.
Nowadays, organizational learning is not a choice, but it is a strategic necessity in the organizations. Efforts to enhance the level of organizational learning consolidate the competitive status at local, national, and global levels. Examining the relationship between organizational learning and other organizational elements makes it possible to draw on suitable strategies in order to improve learning. The findings of the present research illustrate that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and organizational learning. Furthermore, this research shows a significant relationship between organizational culture and all dimensions of organizational learning which consist of continuous learning, question and answer, team learning, empowering, embedding system, system relationship, and strategic leadership. The relationship is especially stronger with team learning and strategic leadership. The findings of this research illustrate a significant relationship between organizational culture and triple levels of learning (individual, group, and organizational), and its correlation with learning at organizational level is about 0.95.
Albert, M. (1998), “Shaping a learning organization through the linkage of action research”, Organizational Development Journal, 16(3), 29-40.
Argyris, c., and Schon, D.A, (1978), Organizational learning: A Theory of Action Perspective, Reading, MA., Addison-Wesley.
Bender, L.J. (1997), “Team organization – learning organization: The University of Arizona four years into it”, Information Outlook, 1(9), 19-22.
Bierema, L.L. and Berdish, D.M. (1999), “Creating a learning organization: a case study of outcomes and lessons learned”, Performance Improvement, 38(4), 36-41.
Dixon, N., The Organizational Learning Cycles: How We Can Learn Collectively, UK, McGrow-Hill, 1994.
Garavan, Thomas. 1997. "The Learning Organization: A Review and Evaluation", The Learning Organization, 4(1), 18-29.
Garvin, D. (2000), Learning in Action: A Guide to Putting the Learning Organization to Work, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Guns, B. (1996), The Faster Learning Organization: Gain and Sustain the Competitive Advantage, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Hernandez, M., & Karen, E. W. (2003). Human Resource Development.
Hill, R. (1996)."A Measure of Learning Organization", Industrial and Commercial Training, 28(1).
Hult, T. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (1997), “A global learning organization structure and market information processing”, Journal of Business Research, 40, 155-66.
Kiedrowski, P. J. (2006). "Quantitative Assessment of a Senge Learning Organization Intervention", The Learning Organization. 13(4), 369-383
Kline, P. and Saunders, B. (1998), Ten Steps to a Learning Organization, 2nd ed. Rev, Great Ocean, Arlington.
Marquardt, M. and Reynolds, A. (1994), The Global Learning Organization, Richard D. Irwin, Inc.,Burr Ridge, IL.
Marquardt, M.J. (2002), Building the Learning Organization, 2nd ed., Davies-Black, Palo Alto.
Nevis, E. C., Dibella, A. J., & Gould, J. M. (1995). Understanding The Organization As Learning Systems", Sloan Management Review, 73-85.
Ortenblad, A. (2001) On Differences Between Organizational Learning And Learning Organization", The Learning Organization, 8(3), 125-133
Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell, T. (1991), The Learning Company: A Strategy for Sustainable Development, McGraw-Hill International, London.
Rahnavard, F. (1999). Organizational Learning and Learning Organization. Journal of Governmental Management, 43, 11-22, (In Persian).
Redding, J. (1997). Hardwiring the learning organization. Training and Development, 51(8), 61-67.
Schein, E. H. (1994). Organizational and Managerial Culture as a Facilitator or Inhibitor of Organizational Learning", Sloan Management Review.
Schroeder, P. G. (2002), “Case study of an administrative services department: the effect of learning organization theory as an intervention strategy in the transformation of organizational culture. Available at: wwwlib.umi com/.
Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, New York: Doubleday Publication.
Senge, P. M., Kliener, A., Roberts, C., & Smith, B. J. (1994), The Fifth Discipline Field Book: Strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization, Currency Doubleday, New York.
Senge, P. M., Kliener, A., Roberts, C., Ross, R., Roth, G., & Smith, B. (1999), The Dance of Change: The Challenge of Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations, Doubleday, New York.
Senge, P. (2006). Fifth Commandment; Creating a Learning Organization. Translated by: H., Kamal Hedayat, & M., Roshan, Tehran: Industrial Management Organization, (In Persian).
Snell, R.S. (2002), “The learning organization, sense giving and psychological contracts: a Hong Kong case”, Organization Studies, 23(4), 4, 549-70.
Tosey P., & Smith, P. A. C. (1999), "Assessing The Learning Organization: Part2-Exploring Practical Assessment Approaches. The Learning Organization, 6(3), 107-115.
Tsang, W. K. (1997),"Organizational Learning and Learning Organization: A Dichotomy Between Descriptive And Prescriptive Research", Human Relation, 50(1), 73-89.
Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1996). In Action: Creating The Learning Organization, Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1993). Sculpting The Learnig Organization: Lesson in The Art and Science of Systemic Change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wishart, N. A., Elam, J. J., & Robey, D. (1996), Redrawing the portrait of a learning organization: inside Knight-Ridder Inc”, The Academy of Management Executive, 10(1), 7-20.
Yang, B., Karen, E. W., & Victoria, J. M. (2004). The Construct of The Learning Organization: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(1), 31-55.
Yeo, R. K. (2005). Revisiting The Roots of Learning Organization. The Learning Organization, 12(4), 368-381.
_||_
Albert, M. (1998), “Shaping a learning organization through the linkage of action research”, Organizational Development Journal, 16(3), 29-40.
Argyris, c., and Schon, D.A, (1978), Organizational learning: A Theory of Action Perspective, Reading, MA., Addison-Wesley.
Bender, L.J. (1997), “Team organization – learning organization: The University of Arizona four years into it”, Information Outlook, 1(9), 19-22.
Bierema, L.L. and Berdish, D.M. (1999), “Creating a learning organization: a case study of outcomes and lessons learned”, Performance Improvement, 38(4), 36-41.
Dixon, N., The Organizational Learning Cycles: How We Can Learn Collectively, UK, McGrow-Hill, 1994.
Garavan, Thomas. 1997. "The Learning Organization: A Review and Evaluation", The Learning Organization, 4(1), 18-29.
Garvin, D. (2000), Learning in Action: A Guide to Putting the Learning Organization to Work, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Guns, B. (1996), The Faster Learning Organization: Gain and Sustain the Competitive Advantage, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Hernandez, M., & Karen, E. W. (2003). Human Resource Development.
Hill, R. (1996)."A Measure of Learning Organization", Industrial and Commercial Training, 28(1).
Hult, T. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (1997), “A global learning organization structure and market information processing”, Journal of Business Research, 40, 155-66.
Kiedrowski, P. J. (2006). "Quantitative Assessment of a Senge Learning Organization Intervention", The Learning Organization. 13(4), 369-383
Kline, P. and Saunders, B. (1998), Ten Steps to a Learning Organization, 2nd ed. Rev, Great Ocean, Arlington.
Marquardt, M. and Reynolds, A. (1994), The Global Learning Organization, Richard D. Irwin, Inc.,Burr Ridge, IL.
Marquardt, M.J. (2002), Building the Learning Organization, 2nd ed., Davies-Black, Palo Alto.
Nevis, E. C., Dibella, A. J., & Gould, J. M. (1995). Understanding The Organization As Learning Systems", Sloan Management Review, 73-85.
Ortenblad, A. (2001) On Differences Between Organizational Learning And Learning Organization", The Learning Organization, 8(3), 125-133
Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell, T. (1991), The Learning Company: A Strategy for Sustainable Development, McGraw-Hill International, London.
Rahnavard, F. (1999). Organizational Learning and Learning Organization. Journal of Governmental Management, 43, 11-22, (In Persian).
Redding, J. (1997). Hardwiring the learning organization. Training and Development, 51(8), 61-67.
Schein, E. H. (1994). Organizational and Managerial Culture as a Facilitator or Inhibitor of Organizational Learning", Sloan Management Review.
Schroeder, P. G. (2002), “Case study of an administrative services department: the effect of learning organization theory as an intervention strategy in the transformation of organizational culture. Available at: wwwlib.umi com/.
Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, New York: Doubleday Publication.
Senge, P. M., Kliener, A., Roberts, C., & Smith, B. J. (1994), The Fifth Discipline Field Book: Strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization, Currency Doubleday, New York.
Senge, P. M., Kliener, A., Roberts, C., Ross, R., Roth, G., & Smith, B. (1999), The Dance of Change: The Challenge of Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations, Doubleday, New York.
Senge, P. (2006). Fifth Commandment; Creating a Learning Organization. Translated by: H., Kamal Hedayat, & M., Roshan, Tehran: Industrial Management Organization, (In Persian).
Snell, R.S. (2002), “The learning organization, sense giving and psychological contracts: a Hong Kong case”, Organization Studies, 23(4), 4, 549-70.
Tosey P., & Smith, P. A. C. (1999), "Assessing The Learning Organization: Part2-Exploring Practical Assessment Approaches. The Learning Organization, 6(3), 107-115.
Tsang, W. K. (1997),"Organizational Learning and Learning Organization: A Dichotomy Between Descriptive And Prescriptive Research", Human Relation, 50(1), 73-89.
Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1996). In Action: Creating The Learning Organization, Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1993). Sculpting The Learnig Organization: Lesson in The Art and Science of Systemic Change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wishart, N. A., Elam, J. J., & Robey, D. (1996), Redrawing the portrait of a learning organization: inside Knight-Ridder Inc”, The Academy of Management Executive, 10(1), 7-20.
Yang, B., Karen, E. W., & Victoria, J. M. (2004). The Construct of The Learning Organization: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(1), 31-55.
Yeo, R. K. (2005). Revisiting The Roots of Learning Organization. The Learning Organization, 12(4), 368-381.