The effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous training on apelin levels of cardiac tissue in healthy male rats
Subject Areas : Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Saeedeh Shadmehri
1
,
Maryam Shabani
2
,
Farhad Daryanoosh
3
,
Mohammad Sherafati Moghadam
4
,
Neda Aghaei
5
1 - Associate professor in exercise physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Yadegar-e-imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e Ray Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 - Ph.D Candidate in exercise physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hashtgerd Karaj Branch, Alborz, Iran
3 - Associate professor in Exercise Physiology, Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Shiraz, Iran
4 - Ph.D Candidate in exercise physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hashtgerd Karaj Branch, Alborz, Iran
5 - Department of physical education and sport sciences, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul branch, Iran
Keywords: Apelin, Cardiac tissue, High Intensity Interval Training, Continuous training,
Abstract :
Introduction:Pathway apelin/APJ is one of the positive powerful inotropic substances which is an important regulator of cardiovascular operation and a significant factor in cardiovascular tissue. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous Training on apelin levels of cardiac tissue in healthy male rats. Material & Methods: In this research, 30 Wistar 2-month male rats were chosen with average weight 180 ± 20 gr and randomly divided into 3 groups: continuous training (n=10), HIIT (n=10) or control group (n=10). Continuous training and HIIT groups have been engaged in exercising according training program in five days a week for 8 weeks. For the comparison among the groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Results: No significant differences were observed in apelin levels between continuous training, HIIT and control group (P=0.29). Conclusion: According the results of this study, both exercises increased the apelin levels in heart; however this increase was not significant. It seems that the response of this hormone is different in organs so that it has more limitation in heart tissue than other organs. Therefore, it has been assumed that making noticeable changes in apelin levels of heart required much more time.
1. Frydelund-Larsen L, Akerstrom T, Nielsen S, Keller P, Keller C, Pedersen BK. Visfatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292: E24-E31.
2. Tatemoto K, Takayama K, Zou MX, Kumaki I, Zhang W, Kumano K, et al. The novel peptide apelin lowers blood pressure via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Regul Pept 2001; 99: 87-92.
3. Castan-Laurell I, Vítkova M, Daviaud D, Dray C, Kováčiková M, Kovacova Z, et al. Effect of hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss in obese women on plasma apelin and adipose tissue expression of apelin and APJ. Europ J Endocrinol 2008; 158: 905-1010.
4. Kidoya H, Takakura N. Biology of the apelin-APJ axis in vascular formation. J Biochem 2012; 152: 125-131.
5. Kasai A, Ishimaru Y, Kinjo T, Satooka T, Matsumoto N, Yoshioka Y, et al. Apelin is a crucial factor for hypoxia-induced retinal angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thrombos Vasc Biol 2010; 30: 2182-2187.
6. Kunduzova O, Alet N, Delesque-Touchard N, Millet L, Castan-Laurell I, Muller C, et al. Apelin/APJ signaling system: a potential link between adipose tissue and endothelial angiogenic processes. FASEB J 2008; 22: 4146-4153.
7. Higuchi K, Masaki T, Gotoh K, Chiba S, Katsuragi I, Tanaka K, et al. Apelin, an APJ receptor ligand, regulates body adiposity and favors the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of uncoupling proteins in mice. Endocrinology 2007; 148: 2690-2697.
8. Szokodi I, Tavi P, Földes G, Voutilainen-Myllylä S, Ilves M, Tokola H, et al. Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility. Circulation Res 2002; 91: 434-440.
9. Galanth C, Hus-Citharel A, Li B, Llorens-Cortes C. Apelin in the control of body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18: 789-798.
10. Tycinska AM, Lisowska A, Musial WJ, Sobkowicz B. Apelin in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure induced by ischemia. Clinica Chimica Acta 2012; 413: 406-410.
11. Barnes G, Japp AG, Newby DE. Translational promise of the apelin–APJ system. Heart 2010; 96: 1011-1016.
12. Kalea AZ, Batlle D. Apelin and ACE2 in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 11: 273-282.
13. Wright D, Sutherland L. Exercise increases apelin expression in white adipose tissue: 646. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 38.
14. Zhang J, Ren CX, Qi YF, Lou LX, Chen L, Zhang LK, et al. Exercise training promotes expression of apelin and APJ of cardiovascular tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2006; 79: 1153-1159.
15. Simpkin JC, Yellon DM, Davidson SM, Lim SY, Wynne AM, Smith CC. Apelin-13 and apelin-36 exhibit direct cardioprotective activity against ischemiareperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2007; 102: 518-528.
16. Kechyn S, Barnes G, Thongmee A, Howard LS. Effect of apelin on cardiopulmonary performance during endurance exercise. Europ Respirator J 2015; 46: PA2241.
17. Francia P, Salvati A, Balla C, De Paolis P, Pagannone E, Borro M, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy increases plasma levels of the endogenous inotrope apelin. Europ J Heart Failure 2007; 9: 306-309.
18. Sheikh AY, Chun HJ, Glassford AJ, Kundu RK, Kutschka I, Ardigo D, et al. In vivo genetic profiling and cellular localization of apelin reveals a hypoxia-sensitive, endothelial-centered pathway activated in ischemic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circulator Physiol 2008; 294: H88-H98.
19. Chong KS, Gardner RS, Morton JJ, Ashley EA, McDonagh TA. Plasma concentrations of the novel peptide apelin are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure. Europ J heart failure 2006; 8: 355-360.