تاثیر نانو دی ‏اکسید سلنیوم بر عملکرد گلدهی و ویژگی‏ های بیوشیمیایی گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L) در شرایط تنش شوری

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

سارا مسعودی ¹ , مرضیه قنبری جهرمی ^{2 *} , مرجان دیانت ³

1 - گروه علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1404/05/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1404/05/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1404/05/25

کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها, گل, مورفومتریک, نانوسلنیوم, اکسیداتیو.,

چکیده مقاله :

سرخارگل  با گل‌های زیبا و چشم‌نواز خود، یکی از گیاهان زینتی محبوب در طراحی فضای سبز است. سرخارگل به دلیل خواص دارویی و درمانی خود، ارزش افزوده‌ای برای فضای سبز ایجاد می‌کند و به عنوان یک گیاه چندمنظوره در طراحی باغ‌های گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده قرار می‏ گیرد. تنش شوری به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی، تأثیرات منفی قابل توجهی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان دارد. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات تنش شوری و کاربرد نانوذره دی‌اکسید سلنیوم بر ویژگی‏ های رشدی و صفات بیوشیمیایی گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.) پرداخت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح تنش شوری (صفر، 50 و 100 میلی‌مولار NaCl) و سه سطح نانوذره دی‌اکسید سلنیوم (صفر، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری باعث کاهش معنی‌دار در صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک مانند تعداد برگ، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد گل، قطر طبق گل، طول دمگل، طول عمر گل و وزن تر اندام هوایی شد. همچنین، تنش شوری باعث کاهش محتوای کلروفیل a و b، کاروتنوئید و آنتوسیانین گلبرگ گردید. با این حال، کاربرد نانوذره دی‌اکسید سلنیوم به طور معنی‌داری اثرات منفی تنش شوری را کاهش داد و باعث بهبود رشد رویشی و زایشی شد. به‌طور خاص، بیشترین بهبود در صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی در تیمار شاهد (عدم تنش شوری) با کاربرد 100 میلی‌گرم نانوذره دی‌اکسید سلنیوم مشاهده شد. فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی مانند کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز نیز تحت تأثیر تنش شوری و نانوذره قرار گرفتند، به‌طوری که بیشترین فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها در تیمار تنش شوری شدید با کاربرد 100 میلی‌گرم نانوذره دی‌اکسید سلنیوم ثبت شد. در نهایت، نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که نانوذره دی‌اکسید سلنیوم می‌تواند به عنوان یک راهکار مؤثر برای کاهش اثرات منفی تنش شوری و بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه سرخارگل مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Echinacea purpurea L., a valuable ornamental and medicinal plant, is widely used in landscape design and therapeutic gardens; however, its growth and physiological performance are adversely affected by salinity stress. This study evaluated the potential of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) to mitigate salinity-induced damage in E. purpurea using a factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design with three salinity levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and three Se NP concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mg/L). Salinity stress significantly reduced morphophysiological traits, including leaf number, lateral branches, flower number, flower head diameter, peduncle length, flower longevity, and aerial fresh weight, as well as photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) and anthocyanin content. However, Se NP application, particularly at 100 mg/L, effectively counteracted these detrimental effects, enhancing vegetative and reproductive growth. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) were highest under severe salinity (100 mM NaCl) combined with 100 mg/L Se NPs, indicating their role in stress amelioration. The findings demonstrate that Se NPs can serve as a promising strategy to improve E. purpurea's resilience to salinity stress, optimizing its ornamental and medicinal value in saline-affected environments.

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