Morphological and Phytochemical Diversity among Some Iranian Rosa damascena Mill. Landraces
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh
1
(Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran)
Behrouz Ebadi
2
(Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran)
Mohammad reza Morshedloo
3
(Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran)
Akbar Abdi Ghazijahani
4
(East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Tabriz, Iran)
کلید واژه: Phenotype, Essential oil, Flower yield, Genetically diversity,
چکیده مقاله :
Essential oil of Iranian damask rose has high quality because of its desirable climatic and growing conditions. In the present study, an RCBD design was used to investigate the morphology and phytochemical characteristics of six damask rose landraces, collected from East Azerbaijan province. The investigated landraces showed a significant difference among morphological traits. According to the morphological characteristics, the landraces were grouped in two distinct classes including thorny and thornless. Qazi Jahan, Nadilu, and Kharaju (thornless) were the most suitable ecotypes in terms of flower yield and growth. Interestingly, petal, bud, and flower fresh and dry weight, bud number per branch, and essential oil content had a positive and significant correlation with flower yield. Essential oil analysis showed that citronellol, geraniol and n-nonadecane were the major components of the rose landraces. The amount of citronellol in the thorny genotypes was higher than that in thornless ones. On the other hand, n. nonadecane was the dominant component in the thornless genotypes. Our results demonstrated significant differences among the two classes of genotypes (with/without thorn) in terms of essential oil quality and flower yield. The important indices that influenced yield and percentage of essential oil of damask rose were petal fresh/dry weight, flower weight, petal length/width, and petal number among the 14 morphological traits, in addition to yield and essential oil percentage. There was a significant difference in odor between the thorny landraces and thornless ones. There was no significant difference in leaf length and width and number of branches per area between different landraces. These differences introduced a new variety of damask rose for breeding programs and industry.
عطر گل­محمدی ایران، به سبب کیفیت زیاد و رشد در شرایط اقلیمی مناسب از مرغوبیت خاصی برخوردار است. ژنوتیپ گیاه به مانند شرایط اقلیمی تاثیر زیادی بر کیفیت گلاب، تولید اسانس و سایر فرآورده‌های جانبی که از ارزش افزوده بالاتری برخوردار بوده، دارد. بدین­منظور پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار برای بررسی مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی توده­های بومی گل محمدی جمع­آوری شده در استان آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، صفات مورفولوژیکی اندازه­گیری شده در دو ژنوتیپ خاردار و بی­خار در مناطق بررسی شده دارای اختلاف معنی­دار بودند. منطقه قاضی­جهان با پوشش گل­محمدی بی­خار، از نظر عملکرد و دارا بودن مقادیر بالای صفات اندازه­گیری شده مناسب­ترین منطقه بود و پس از آن مناطق نادیلو و خراجو با پوشش گل­­محمدی بی­خار عملکرد و پتانسیل مناسبی داشتند. از بین 14 صفت مورفولوژیکی به همراه عملکرد و درصد اسانس، صفات وزن تر و خشک­ گلبرگ، وزن­تر و خشک غنچه، وزن­تر گل، طول و عرض­گلبرگ، تعداد غنچه در هر شاخه و درصد اسانس دارای بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار با صفت عملکرد گل بودند. ترکیب­های سیترونلول (Citronellol) و ژرانیول (Geraniol) در هر گروه ژنوتیپ خاردار و بدون­خار به میزان بالایی مشاهده شدند. مقدار سیترونلول (Citronellol) در ژنوتیپ خاردار نسبت به ژنوتیپ بی­خار بیشتر بود. از طرفی، میزان ماده موثره ژرانیول (Geraniol) در ژنوتیپ بی­خار نسبت به ژنوتیپ خاردار بیشتر بود. تفاوت قابل­توجهی در عطر توده­های خاردار با انواع بدون خار وجود داشت. از نظر طول و عرض برگ و تعداد شاخه در بین توده­های مختلف تفاوت معنی­داری وجود نداشت. این تفاوت­ها راه را برای معرفی انواع جدیدی از گل محمدی برای صنعت کشت و پرورش ایجاد می­کند.
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