Modification of Flower Color Pigments and Color Composition with Hormonal Treatments and Sucrose in Tulipa gesneriana ‘Kingsblood’
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Yaghoub Hojjati
1
(Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. P.O. Box 91775-1163)
Mahmood Shoor
2
(Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. P.O. Box 91775-1163)
Ali Tehranifar
3
(Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. P.O. Box 91775-1163)
Bhram Abedi
4
(Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. P.O. Box 91775-1163)
کلید واژه: Gibberellic acid, Total flavonoids, Jasmonic acid, Anthocyanins pigments, : Abscisic acid,
چکیده مقاله :
Three separate experiments were conducted to investigate the interplay between three phytohormones and sucrose for the change of flower color composition and the plant secondary metabolites in Tulipa. The variations of the physiological and morphological characteristics, with ABA at 5 and 10 mg/L (as experiment one), GA3 at 300 ‎and 500 mg/L ‎‎(as experiment two), 50 and 100 µM of JA (as experiment three) and their interactions with sucrose at 1 and 2 g/L were analyzed. By reviewing the HPLC charts and UV-Vis spectra, it was found that the production of plant secondary metabolites, total flavonoids, and anthocyanins composition pigments was influenced by the foliar application of the plant hormones. The sucrose alone had no significant effect on the quantification of different phytochemicals, but the interaction with JA and ABA showed a considerable variation in the anthocyanin accumulation and total flavonoids. Both JA and ABA hormones, in spite of enhanced anthocyanin accumulation and increased cyanidin and pelargonidin pigment percentage, were associated with reduced vegetative growth parameters as well as vase life, compared to the control plants. However, GA3 at 500 mg/L without sucrose played a key role in the accumulation of anthocyanin, postharvest performance, and the increase in the three major anthocyanin pigments. Moreover, the data provided evidence of interference between the sucrose and GA3 in the regulation of the anthocyanin accumulation.
آزمایشی به­منظور بررسی اثر متقابل بین سه گروه از هورمون­های گیاهی و ساکارز برای تغییر ترکیب رنگ گل و متابولیت­های ثانویه گل لاله انجام شد. تغییرات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان با استفاده از سه آزمایش جداگانه و توسط تیمار اسید آبسیزیک در غلظت 5 و 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر، اسید جیبرلیک 300 و 500 میلی گرم در لیتر، اسید جاسمونیک 50 و 100 میکرو مولار و برهمکنش آن­ها با ساکاروز در غلظت 1 و 2 گرم در لیتر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با بررسی نمودارهای HPLCو طیف­سنجی یوی دتکتور مشخص شد که تولید متابولیت­های ثانویه، فلاونوئید کل و ترکیب رنگدانه­های آنتوسیانین تحت تاثیر تیمارهای هورمونی قرار گرفتند. با وجود اینکه تیمار ساکاروز به تنهایی قادر به تغییرات معنی­دار در ترکیب و مقدار متابولیت­های ثانویه نبود، اما اثرات متقابل آن با تیمار هورمونی، اسید آبسیزیک و اسید جاسمونیک تغییرات معنی­داری در میزان آنتوسیانین­ها و فلاونوئید کل ایجاد کرد. همچنین هر دو هورمون آبسیزیک اسید و جاسمونیک اسید تغییرات قابل­توجهی در افزایش میزان آنتوسیانین­ها و درصد رنگدانه سیانیدین و پلاگونیدین داشتند، اما در طرف دیگر سبب کاهش معنی­دار در پارامترهای رویشی و عمر پس از برداشت گل­ها شد. در تیمار با اسید جیبرلیک 500 میلی­گرم در لیتر بدون ساکاروز افزایش قابل­توجهی در میزان آنتوسیانین، عمر گل بریده و افزایش هر سه گروه آنتوسیانینی مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بین اسید جیبرلیک و ساکاروز یک برهمکنش منفی در تنظیم تولید آنتوسیانین­ها وجود دارد.‏
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39 (1): 205-207.
Belhadj, A., Telef, N., Saigne, C., Cluzet, S., Barrieu, F., Hamdi, S. and Mérillon, J.M.2008. Effect of methyl jasmonate in combination with carbohydrates on gene expression of PR proteins, stilbene and anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine cell cultures. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 46: 493-499.
Ben-Nissan, G. and Weiss, D. 1995. Developmental and hormonal regulation of a triosephosphate isomerase gene in Petunia corollas. Journal of Plant Physiology, 147: 58-62.
Bhaskara, G.B., Yang, T.H. and Verslues, P.E.2015. Dynamic proline metabolism: Importance and regulation in water-limited environments. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 484. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00484.
Bolouri‐Moghaddam, M.R., Le Roy, K., Xiang, L., Rolland, F. and van den Ende, W.2010. Sugar signalling and antioxidant network connections in plant cells. The FEBS Journal, 277: 2022-2037.
Creelman, R.A. and Mullet, J.E. 1997. Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants. Annuals Review of Plant Biology, 48: 355-381.
Danaee, E., Mostofi, Y. and Moradi, P.2011. Effect of GA3 and BA on postharvest quality and vase life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii. cv.Good Timing) cut flowers. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 52: 140-144.
Hara, M., Oki, K., Hoshino, K. and Kuboi, T. 2003. Enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar in radish (Raphanus sativus) hypocotyl. Plant Science, 164: 259-265.
Horbowicz, M., Grzesiuk, A., Dębski, H., Koczkodaj, D. and Saniewski, M. 2008. Methyl jasmonate inhibits anthocyanins synthesis in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 50 (2): 71–78.
Horbowicz, M., Kosson, R., Wiczkowski, W., Koczkodaj, D. and Mitrus, J. 2011. The effect of methyl jasmonate on accumulation of 2-phenylethylamine and putrescine in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33: 897–903.
Horbowicz, M., Mioduszewska, H., Koczkodaj, D. and Saniewski,M. 2009. The effect of cis-jasmone, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate on accumulation of anthocyanins and procyanidins in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 78: 271–277.
Hosokawa, K. 1999. Cell layer-specific accumulation of anthocyanins in responss to gibberellic acid in tepals of Hyacinthus orientalis. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 63: 930-931.
Hunter, D.A., Ferrante, A., Vernieri, P. and Reid, M.S. 2004. Role of abscisic acid in perianth senescence of daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus “Dutch Master”). Physiologia Plantarum, 121: 313-321.
Ibrahim, M.H. and Jaafar,H.Z. 2013. Abscisic acid induced changes in production of primary and secondary metabolites, photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant capability, antioxidant enzymes and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Molecules, 18: 7957-7976.
Imsabai, W., Leethiti, P., Netlak, P. and van Doorn,W.G. 2013. Petal blackening and lack of bud opening in cut lotus flowers (Nelumbo nucifera): Role of adverse water relations. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 79: 32-38.
Jaakola, L. 2013. New insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits. Trends in Plant Science, 18: 477–483.
Jeong, S.T., Goto-Yamamoto, N., Kobayashi, S. and Esaka, M. 2004. Effects of plant hormones and shading on the accumulation of anthocyanins and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in grape berry skins. Plant Science, 167: 247-252.
Khandaker, M.M., Boyce, A.N., Osman, N., Golam, F., Rahman, M.M. and Sofian-Azirun, M. 2013. Fruit development, pigmentation and biochemical properties of wax apple as affected by localized application of GA3 under field conditions. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 56: 11-20.
Kim, H.J. and Miller,W.B. 2008. Effects of GA 4+ 7 and benzyladenine application on postproduction quality of ‘Seadov’ pot tulip flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 47: 416-421.
Kondo, S., Tsukada, N., Niimi, Y. and Seto,H. 2001. Interactions between jasmonates and abscisic acid in apple fruit, and stimulative effect of jasmonates on anthocyanin accumulation. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 70: 546-552.
Koyama, K., Sadamatsu, K. and Goto-Yamamoto, N.2010. Abscisic acid stimulated ripening and gene expression in berry skins of the Cabernet Sauvignon grape. Functional and Integrative Genomics, 10: 367-381.
Lai, B., Li, X.J., Hu, B., Qin, Y.H., Huang, X.M., Wang, H.C. and Hu,G.B. 2014. LcMYB1 is a key determinant of differential anthocyanin accumulation among genotypes, tissues, developmental phases and ABA and light stimuli in Litchi chinensis. PLoS One, 9: 86293. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086293.
Lee, J., Durst, R.W. and Wrolstad, R.E. 2005. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, 88(5):1269-1278.
Loreti, E., Povero, G., Novi, G., Solfanelli, C., Alpi, A. and Perata,P. 2008. Gibberellins, jasmonate and abscisic acid modulate the sucrose‐induced expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis. New Phytologist, 179: 1004-1016.
Medina-Puche, L., Cumplido-Laso, G., Amil-Ruiz, F., Hoffmann, T., Ring, L., Rodríguez-Franco, A., Caballero, J.L., Schwab, W. and Muñoz-Blanco, J. 2014. MYB10 plays a major role in the regulation of flavonoid/phenylpropanoid metabolism during ripening of Fragaria× ananassa fruits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65: 401-417.
Milborrow, B.V. 2001. The pathway of biosynthesis of abscisic acid in vascular plants: A review of the present state of knowledge of ABA biosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 1145-1164.
Nakayama, M., Okada, M., Taya-kizu, M., Urashima, O., Kan, Y., Fukui, Y. and Koshioka,M. 2004. Coloration and anthocyanin profile in tulip flowers. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 38: 185–190.
Ohlsson, A.B. and Berglund,T. 2001. Gibberellic acid-induced changes in glutathione metabolism and anthocyanin content in plant tissue. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 64: 77-80.
Onoue, T., Mikami, M., Yoshioka, T., Hashiba, T. and Satoh, S. 2000. Characteristics of the inhibitory action of 1, 1-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) semicarbazide (DPSS) on ethylene production in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers. Plant Growth Regulation, 30: 201-207.
Panavas, T., Walker, E.L. and Rubinstein, B. 1998. The role of ABA in programmed cell death of daylily petals. Journal of Experimental Botany, 49: 1987-1997.
Piovan, A. and Filippini, R.2007. Anthocyanins in Catharanthus roseus in vivo and in vitro: A review. Phytochemistry Reviews, 6: 235-242.
Pirie, A. and Mullins, M.G. 1976. Changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose, nitrate, and abscisic acid. Plant physiology, 58: 468-472.
Qi, T., Song, S., Ren, Q., Wu, D., Huang, H., Chen, Y., Fan, M., Peng, W. and Ren, C. 2011. The jasmonate-ZIM-domain proteins interact with the WD-Repeat/bHLH/MYB complexes to regulate jasmonate-mediated anthocyanin accumulation and trichome initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Cell, 23: 1795-1814.
Roussos, P., Denaxa, N. and Damvakaris,T. 2009. Strawberry fruit quality attributes after application of plant growth stimulating compounds. Scientia Horticulturae, 119: 138-146.
Saniewski, M., Horbowicz, M., Puchalski, J. and Ueda, J. 2003. Methyl jasmonate stimulates the formation and the accumulation of anthocyanin in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 25: 143-149.
Saniewski, M., Miszczak, A., Kawa-Miszczak, L., Wegrzynowicz-Lesiak, E., Miyamoto, K. and Ueda, J. 1998a. Effects of methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin accumulation, ethylene production, and CO2 evolution in uncooled and cooled tulip bulbs. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 17: 33-37.
Saniewski, M., Miyamoto, K. and Ueda,J. 1998b. Methyl jasmonate induces gums and stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in peach shoots. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 17: 121-124.
Sarrou, E., Chatzopoulou, P., Dimassi-Theriou, K., Therios, I. and Koularmani, A. 2015. Effect of melatonin, salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on leaf essential oil and other secondary metabolites of bitter orange young seedlings. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 27: 487–496.
Shan, X., Zhang, Y., Peng, W., Wang, Z. and Xie, D. 2009. Molecular mechanism for jasmonate-induction of anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60: 3849-3860.
Shen, X., Zhao, K., Liu, L., Zhang, K., Yuan, H., Liao, X., Wang, Q., Guo, X. and Li, F. 2014. A role for PacMYBA in ABA-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-colored sweet cherry cv. Hong Deng (Prunus avium L.). Plant and Cell Physiology, 55: 862-880.
Silveira, J.A.G., de Almeida Viégas, R., da Rocha, I.M.A., Moreira, A.C.D.O.M., de Azevedo Moreira, R. and Oliveira, J.T.A. 2003. Proline accumulation and glutamine synthetase activity are increased by salt-induced proteolysis in cashew leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160: 115-123.
Smith, R.C., Matthews, P.R., Schünmnn, P.H. and Chandler, P.M. 1996. The regulation of leaf elongation and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase by gibberellin in ‘Himalaya’ barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 47: 1395-1404.
Solfanelli, C., Poggi, A., Loreti, E., Alpi, A. and Perata, P. 2006. Sucrose-specific induction of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 140: 637-646.
Steyn, W.J., Wand, S.J.E., Holcroft, D.M. and Jacobs, G. 2002. Anthocyanins in vegetative tissues: A proposed unified function in photoprotection. New Phytologist, 155: 349-361.
Szabados, L. and Savoure, A. 2010. Proline: A multifunctional amino acid. Trends in Plant Science, 15: 89-97.
Teng, S., Keurentjes, J., Bentsink, L., Koornneef, M. and Smeekens, S. 2005. Sucrose-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis requires the MYB75/PAP1 gene. Plant Physiology, 139: 1840-1852.
Torskangerpoll, K., Norbæk, R., Nodland, R., Ovstedal, E. and Andersen, O.M. 2005. Anthocyanin content of Tulipa species and cultivars and its impact on tepal colours. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33: 499-510.
Ueda, J., Miyamoto, K. and Kamisaka, S. 1995. Inhibition of the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides in oat coleoptile segments by jasmonic acid: Relevance to its growth inhibition. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 14: 69-76.
van den Ende, W. and El-Esawe, S.K. 2014. Sucrose signaling pathways leading to fructan and anthocyanin accumulation: A dual function in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 108: 4-13.
van Doorn, W.G. 2002. Effect of ethylene on flower abscission: A survey. Annals of Botany, 89: 689-693.
Walker Travis, S., Harsh, P.B. and Vivanco, M.J. 2002. Jasmonic acid-induced hypericin production in cell suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort). Phytochemistry, 60: 289-293.
Wasternack, C. and Parthier, B. 1997. Jasmonate-signalled plant gene expression. Trends in Plant Science, 2: 302-307.
Wasternack, C. and Song, S. 2017. Jasmonates: Biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling by proteins activating and repressing transcription. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68: 1303-1321.
Weidhase, R.A., Kramell, H.M., Lehmann, J., Liebisch, H.W., Lerbs, W. and Parthier, B. 1987. Methyljasmonate-induced changes in the polypeptide pattern of senescing barley leaf segments. Plant Science, 51: 177-186.
Weiss, D. 2000. Regulation of flower pigmentation and growth: Multiple signaling pathways control anthocyanin synthesis in expanding petals. Physiologia Plantarum, 110: 152-157.
Woisky Ricardo, G. and Antonio, S. 1998. Analysis of propolis: Some parameters and procedures for chemical quality control. Journal of Apicultural Research, 37: 99-105.
Yang, C.W., Lin, C.C. and Kao, C.H. 2000. Proline, ornithine, arginine and glutamic acid contents in detached rice leaves. Biologia Plantarum, 43: 305-307.
Yim, K.O., Kwon, Y.W. and Bayer, D.E. 1997. Growth responses and allocation of assimilates of rice seedlings by paclobutrazol and gibberellin treatment. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 16: 35-41.
Zhao, D. and Tao, J. 2015. Recent advances on the development and regulation of flower color in ornamental plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 261. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00261.
Zhou, X., Hua, D., Chen, Z., Zhou, Z. and Gong, Z. 2009. Elongator mediates ABA responses, oxidative stress resistance and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 60: 79-90.