Introduction of a Suitable Cultivation Substrate for the Optimal Growth of the Ornamental Plant Crassula capitella
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیHossein Kiani 1 , Nazanin Khakipour 2 , Sepideh Kalatehjari 3 , Sakineh Saeedi Sar 4
1 - Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Soil Science, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
3 - Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: zeolite, Pumice, SOD enzyme, <i>Crassula capitella</i>,
چکیده مقاله :
The properties of different materials used as planting substrate exert direct and indirect effects on crop growth and production. Hence, the selection of a suitable substrate is one of the most important factors in the success of production in soilless cultivation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of physical and chemical properties of different cultivation substrates on the growth and development of Crassula capitella. Thus, different organic and inorganic cultivation substrates such as sand, coco peat, charcoal, pumice, peat moss and zeolite were combined with each other in different ratios and tested. The measured traits were phytochemical compounds (chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid, SOD activity level and MDA content), fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot, and element uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Based on the results of the present research, there was a significant difference in terms of plant height, wet and dry weight, nutrient uptake rate and enzyme activity between different cultivation substrates. The plants grown in substrate No. 10 (35 cc of fine pumice + 5 cc of coco peat + 5 cc of peat moss + 5 cc of charcoal) and substrate No. 1 (35 cc of 3-5-mm fine sand + 5 cc of coco peat + 5 cc of charcoal) showed the highest and lowest numerical values of the evaluated traits, respectively. The use of combinations containing pumice, coco peat and zeolites seems to prevent the wastage of nutrients and preserves nutrient ions, and therefore results in increasing the fertilizer efficiency and improving the nutrient uptake and maintaining moisture, and ultimately improves the plant growth.
خصوصیات مواد مختلف مورد استفاده به عنوان بستر کاشت، آثار مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر رشد و تولید محصول می‌گذارد و انتخاب بستر مناسب یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل موثر در موفقیت تولید در کشت بدون خاک است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی بسترهای مختلف کشت بر رشد و نمو کراسولا انجام شد. به همین منظور بسترهای کشت آلی و معدنی مختلف از جمله شن، کوکوپیت، زغال چوب، پومیس، پیت‌ماس و زئولیت با نسبت‌های مختلف ترکیب شدند و مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. صفات ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی (کلروفیل a، b و کل، کاروتنوئید، میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های SOD و (MDA، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی، جذب عناصر (نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم) در گیاه کراسولا آتشین ارزیابی شد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، بین بسترهای مختلف کشت از نظر ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر و خشک، میزان جذب عناصر غذایی و فعالیت آنزیم‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. گیاهان کراسولا رشد یافته در بستر ١٠ (٣٥ سی‌سی پومیس ریز + ٥ سی‌سی کوکوپیت + ٥ سی‌سی پیت ماس + ٥ سی‌سی زغال) و بستر ١ (٣٥ سی‌سی شن ریز ٣-٥ میلی‌متر + ٥ سی‌سی کوکوپیت + ٥ سی‌سی زغال) نیز به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین مقادیر عددی صفات ذکر شده را نشان دادند. به نظر می‌رسد که به کارگیری ترکیباتی با خصوصیات پومیس و کوکوپیت و زئولیت‌ها از طریق جلوگیری از هدر رفتن عناصر غذایی و نگهداری یون‌های مغذی باعث افزایش کارایی کودها و بهبود جذب عناصر غذایی و حفظ رطوبت شده و در نهایت موجب افزایش و بهبود رشد گیاه شد.
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