Simulation of Direct Pumping of Quantum Dots in a Quantum Dot Laser

Subject Areas : Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures

Masoud Rezvani Jalal ¹ (Department of Physics, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran)
Mahshid Habibi ² (Department of Physics, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran)

Received: 2015-08-19 Accepted : 2017-08-30 Published : 2017-05-01

Keywords: Quantum Dot Laser, Direct Pumping, Indirect Pumping, Relaxation Oscillation,

Abstract :

In this paper, the nonlinear rate equations governing a quantum dot laser is
used to simulate the transient as well as the steady-state behaviors of the laser.
Computation results show that the rate equations are capable of simulating true behavior
of a quantum dot laser. Then, the pump rates of the rate equations (which show indirect
electrical pumping of the quantum dots through a wetting layer) are changed so that
they can show direct electrical pumping of the quantum dots. Simulation results predict
that a quantum dot laser with direct pumping has much lower threshold current than the
indirect one. It is also shown that duration time of the transient regime to reach steadystate operation is shorter in direct pumping.

References:

[1] D. Bimberg, U. W. Pohl, Quantum Dots: Promises and Accomplishes, Materials
Today, 14 (9), (2011) 388-397.
[2] B. Ellis, M. A. Mayar, G. Shambat, T. Sarmiento, J. Harris, Ultralow-Thershold
Electrically Pumped Quantum Dot Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Laser, Nature
Photonics, 5, (2011) 297-300.
[3] Kwangdong Roh, Cuong Dang, Joonhee Lee, Songtao Chen, Jonathan S. Steckel,
Seth Coe-Sullivan, and Arto Nurmikko, Surface-emitting red, green, and blue
colloidal quantum dot distributed feedback lasers, OPTICS EXPRESS, 22(15)
(2014) 18800-18806.
[4] Kathy Lüdge, Benjamin Lingnau, Christian Otto, and Eckehard Schöll,
Understanding Electrical and Optical Modulation Properties of Semiconductor
Quantum-Dot Lasers in Terms of Their Turn-On Dynamics, Nonlinear Phenomena
in Complex Systems, 15(4) (2012) 350-359.
[5] B. Ellis, I. Fushman, D. Englund, B. Zhang, Y. Yamamoto, Dynamics of Quantum
Dot Photonic Crystal Lasers, Applied Physics Letters, 90, (2007) 151102.
[6] S. Strauf, K. Hennessy, M. T. Rakher, Y. S. Choi, A. Badolato, Self-Tuned
Quantum Dot Gain in Photonic Crystal Lasers, Physical Review Letters, 96, (2006)
127404.
[7] A. Markus, A. Fiore, Modeling Carrier Dynamics in Quantum Dot Lasers, Physica
Status Solidi. A, 201(2), (2004) 338-344.
[8] T. Piwonski, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, Carrier Capture Dynamics of InAs/GaAs
Quantum Dots, Applied Physics Letters, 90, (2007) 122108.
[9] Frederic Grillot, Cheng Wang, Nader A. Naderi, and Jacky Even, Modulation
Properties of Self-Injected Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Diode Lasers, IEEE
JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 19 (4),
(2013), 1900812.
[10] K. Lüdge, E. Schöll, Quantum-Dot Lasers: Desynchronized Nonlinear Dynamics
of Electrons and Holes, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 45 (11), (2009)
1396-1403.
[11]K. Lüdge, M. J. P. Bormann, E. Malić, P. Hövel, M. Kuntz, Turn-on Dynamics and
Modulation Response in Semiconductor Quantum Dot Lasers, Physical Review B,
78 (3), (2008) 035316.
[12]K. Lüdge, E. Schöll, Nonlinear dynamics of doped semiconductor quantum dot
lasers, The European Physical Journal D, 58(2), (2010) 167–174
[13]Kathy Lüdge, Roland Aust, Gerrit Fiol, Mirko Stubenrauch, Dejan Arsenijevic,
Dieter Bimberg, and Eckehard Schöll, Large-Signal Response of Semiconductor
Quantum-Dot Lasers, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 46(12)
(2010) 1755-1762.
[14]E. Malić, M. J. P. Bormann, P. Hövel, M. Kuntz, D. Bimberg, Coulomb Damped
Relaxation Osilations in Semiconductor Quantum Dot Lasers, IEEE Journal
Selection Topics of Quantum Electron, 13 (5), (2007) 1242-1248.
[15]G. S. Sokolovskii, V. V. Dudelev, E. D. Kolykhalova, A. G. Deryagin, M. V.
Maximov, A. M. Nadtochiy, V. I. Kuchinskii, S. S. Mikhrin, D. A. Livshits, E. A.
Viktoro,) and T. Erneux, Nonvanishing turn-on delay in quantum dot lasers,
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 100, (2012) 081109.
[16]K. Lüdge, E. Schöll, E. Viktorov, T. Erneux, Analytical Approach to Modulation
Properties of Quantum Dot Lasers, Journal of Applied Physics, 109, (2011)
103112.
[17]K. Lüdge, B. Lingnau, Ch. Otto, E. Schöll, Understanding Electrical and Optical
Modulation Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Lasers in Terms of Their
Turn-on Dynamics, Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems, 15 (4), (2012)
350-359.
[18]M. Rezvani Jalal, M. Habibi, Numerical investigation of lasing turn-on in a
semiconductor quantum dot laser, Annual Conference Physics Society of Iran,
Birjand (1392).