مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات نقره، مس و اکسید روی بر بیان ژن فاکتور نکروز تومور α (TNF-α) در موش Balb/C آلوده به اشریشیا کلی
محورهای موضوعی : میکروب شناسی مولکولیمریم محمدخانی 1 , جواد آراسته 2 , صبا طاهری 3
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشکده علوم پایه، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی
3 - دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اسلامشهر، ایران.
کلید واژه: Escherichia coli, نانوذرات, نقره, اکسید روی, مس, فاکتور نکروز توموری آلفا,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و اهداف: تعداد افراد مبتلا به باکتری‌های بیماری‌زا در حال افزایش است. آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های رایج به دلیل سازوکارهای ایجاد مقاومت، کارایی خود را از دست می‌دهند. فناوری نانو رویکردی به نام عوامل ضد میکروبی مبتنی بر نانوذرات معرفی کرده است که قادر به مهار رشد باکتری‌ها می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی (MIC) نانوذرات نقره (Ag) ، اکسید روی (ZnO) و مس (Cu) علیه Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 با استفاده از روش رقت‌سازی در کشت مایع تعیین شد. ۵۴ موش نر نژاد Balb/C به 9 گروه تقسیم شدند، به‌صورت داخل صفاقی با E.coli (CFU/mL 10^8)آلوده شده و با نانوذرات ZnO، Ag و Cu (در دز MIC) یا ایمی‌پنم (گروه کنترل) تحت درمان قرار گرفتند. ۲۴ ساعت پس از درمان، RNA طحال استخراج شد و بیان ژن فاکتور نکروز توموری آلفا (TNF-α) با استفاده از Real-time PCR سنجیده شد. یافته‌ها: MIC نانوذرات Ag برابر ۱۲۵ میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر و برای ZnO و Cu برابر ۶۲.۵ میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود که اثربخشی بهتر نانوذرات ZnO و Cu را نشان داد. بیان ژن TNF-α در گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده ایمی‌پنم و نانوذرات نقره به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده ZnO و Cu بود (p < 0.05). نتیجه‌گیری: صرف‌نظر از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها، نانوذرات نیز خاصیت ضد میکروبی علیه باکتری‌هایی نظیر E. coli دارند. این ویژگی‌ها آن‌ها را به گزینه‌ای مناسب برای درمان بیماری‌های عفونی تبدیل می‌کند.
Background & Objectives: The number of people infected by pathogenic bacteria is increasing. Routine antibiotics lose their effectiveness due to the strategies of these bacteria in resistant to antibiotics. Nanotechnology has introduced an approach called nanoparticle-based antimicrobial agents to inhibit bacteria growth. Materials & Method: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper (Cu) NPs against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were determined using microbroth dilution. Balb/C male mice (n=54) were divided into nine groups, infected intraperitoneally with E. coli (10^8 CFU/mL), and treated with Ag, ZnO, or Cu NPs (MIC doses) or imipenem (control). Spleen tissue RNA was extracted 24 h post-treatment, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression was quantified via Real-time PCR. Results: MICs were 125 µg/mL (Ag) and 62.5 µg/mL (ZnO, Cu), indicating superior efficacy of ZnO and Cu NPs. TNF-α expression was significantly lower in imipenem and Ag NP groups compared to ZnO and Cu NP groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Regardless of the antibiotics, NPs also exhibit an antimicrobial property against bacteria like E. coli. These characteristics make them the proper candidate for the treatment of infectious diseases.
1. Iwu, C.D. and A.I. Okoh, Preharvest transmission routes of fresh produce associated bacterial pathogens with outbreak potentials: a review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. 16(22): p. 4407.
2. Rahmati, F., Identification and characterization of Lactococcus starter strains in milk-based traditional fermented products in the region of Iran. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2018. 3(1): p. 12-25.
3. Rahmati, F., Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum in Eudragit S100 and alginate chitosan under gastrointestinal and normal conditions. Applied Nanoscience, 2020. 10(2): p. 391-399.
4. Lin, D.M., B. Koskella, and H.C. Lin, Phage therapy: An alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug resistance. World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics, 2017. 8(3): p. 162.
5. Khan, F.A. and F. Khan, Applications of nanomaterials in human health. 2020: Springer.
6. Rahmati, F., et al., New insights into the role of nanotechnology in microbial food safety. 3 Biotech, 2020. 10(10): p. 1-15.
7. Heim, C.E., et al., Myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to Staphylococcus aureus orthopedic biofilm infection. The Journal of immunology, 2014. 192(8): p. 3778-3792.
8. Rahmati, F., Impact of microencapsulation on two probiotic strains in alginate chitosan and Eudragit S100 under gastrointestinal and normal conditions. The Open Biotechnology Journal, 2019. 13(1).
9. Makvandi, P., et al., Endocytosis of abiotic nanomaterials and nanobiovectors: Inhibition of membrane trafficking. Nano Today, 2021. 40: p. 101279.
10. Cao, C., et al., Mesoporous silica supported silver–bismuth nanoparticles as photothermal agents for skin infection synergistic antibacterial therapy. Small, 2020. 16(24): p. 2000436.
11. Wang, L., et al., The density of surface coating can contribute to different antibacterial activities of gold nanoparticles. Nano Letters, 2020. 20(7): p. 5036-5042.
12. Padmavathy, N. and R. Vijayaraghavan, Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study. Science and technology of advanced materials, 2008.
13. Qiao, Y., et al., Light-activatable synergistic therapy of drug-resistant bacteria-infected cutaneous chronic wounds and nonhealing keratitis by cupriferous hollow nanoshells. ACS nano, 2020. 14(3): p. 3299-3315.
14. Salleh, A., et al., The potential of silver nanoparticles for antiviral and antibacterial applications: A mechanism of action. Nanomaterials, 2020. 10(8): p. 1566.
15. Seil, J.T. and T.J. Webster, Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology: methods and literature. International journal of nanomedicine, 2012. 7: p. 2767.
16. Ndayishimiye, J., et al., Nanomaterials: The New Antimicrobial Magic Bullet. ACS Infectious Diseases, 2022. 8(4): p. 693-712.
17. Sanati, M., et al., Recent trends in the application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy: The involvement of oxidative stress. Journal of Controlled Release, 2022. 348: p. 287-304.
18. Meng, L., et al., Tumor oxygenation and hypoxia inducible factor-1 functional inhibition via a reactive oxygen species responsive nanoplatform for enhancing radiation therapy and abscopal effects. ACS nano, 2018. 12(8): p. 8308-8322.
19. Ahamed, M., et al., Oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis response of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Chemosphere, 2019. 216: p. 823-831.
20. Parvekar, P., et al., The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. Biomaterial investigations in dentistry, 2020. 7(1): p. 105-109.
21. Punjabi, K., et al., Efficiency of biosynthesized silver and zinc nanoparticles against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Frontiers in microbiology, 2018. 9: p. 2207.
22. Taratummarat, S., et al., Gold nanoparticles attenuates bacterial sepsis in cecal ligation and puncture mouse model through the induction of M2 macrophage polarization. BMC microbiology, 2018. 18(1): p. 1-10.
23. Karpisheh, V., et al., The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Cell International, 2022. 22(1): p. 1-13.
24. Ye, K., et al., Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 2022. 13(2): p. 35.
25. Choi, S.-r., B.E. Britigan, and P. Narayanasamy, Treatment of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV coinfected macrophages with gallium nanoparticles inhibits pathogen growth and modulates macrophage cytokine production. Msphere, 2019. 4(4): p. e00443-19.
26. Zhao, Y., et al., Pathogen infection-responsive nanoplatform targeting macrophage endoplasmic reticulum for treating life-threatening systemic infection. Nano research, 2022: p. 1-13.
27. Sherif, A.H., et al., Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Boost the Immune Responses in Oreochromis niloticus and Improve Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection. Biological trace element research, 2022: p. 1-10.
28. Huo, C., et al., Pre-treatment with zirconia nanoparticles reduces inflammation induced by the pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus. International journal of nanomedicine, 2020. 15: p. 661.
29. Babin, K., D. Goncalves, and D. Girard, Nanoparticles enhance the ability of human neutrophils to exert phagocytosis by a Syk-dependent mechanism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 2015. 1850(11): p. 2276-2282.
30. Wiegand, I., K. Hilpert, and R.E. Hancock, Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nature protocols, 2008. 3(2): p. 163-175.
31. Andrews, J.M., Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Journal of antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001. 48(suppl_1): p. 5-16.
32. Lemire, J.A., J.J. Harrison, and R.J. Turner, Antimicrobial activity of metals: mechanisms, molecular targets and applications. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2013. 11(6): p. 371-384.
33. Pahlevan Kakhki, M., TRIzol-based RNA extraction: a reliable method for gene expression studies. Journal of sciences, Islamic Republic of IRAN, 2014. 25(1): p. 13-17.
34. Maan, S., et al., Rapid cDNA synthesis and sequencing techniques for the genetic study of bluetongue and other dsRNA viruses. Journal of virological methods, 2007. 143(2): p. 132-139.
35. Nolan, T., R.E. Hands, and S.A. Bustin, Quantification of mRNA using real-time RT-PCR. Nature protocols, 2006. 1(3): p. 1559-1582.
36. Rahmati, F., Characterization of Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Saccharomyces isolated from Iranian traditional dairy products for potential sources of starter cultures. AIMS microbiology, 2017. 3(4): p. 815.
37. Slavin, Y.N., et al., Metal nanoparticles: understanding the mechanisms behind antibacterial activity. Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2017. 15(1): p. 1-20.
38. Abbaszadegan, A., et al., The effect of charge at the surface of silver nanoparticles on antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: a preliminary study. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015. 2015.
39. Guzman, M., J. Dille, and S. Godet, Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, biology and medicine, 2012. 8(1): p. 37-45.
40. Azam, A., et al., Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study. International journal of nanomedicine, 2012. 7: p. 6003.
41. Fournier, H.-N., C. Albigès-Rizo, and M.R. Block, New insights into Nm23 control of cell adhesion and migration. Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes, 2003. 35(1): p. 81-87.
42. ATMACA, S., K. GÜL, and R. Cicek, The effect of zinc on microbial growth. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 1998. 28(6): p. 595-598.
43. Zarrindokht, E.-K. and C. Pegah, Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. African journal of microbiology research, 2011. 5(12): p. 1368-1373.
44. Reddy, K.M., et al., Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Applied physics letters, 2007. 90(21): p. 213902.
45. Li, W.-R., et al., A comparative analysis of antibacterial activity, dynamics, and effects of silver ions and silver nanoparticles against four bacterial strains. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2017. 123: p. 304-310.
46. Zhang, L., et al., Silver nanoparticles induced cell apoptosis, membrane damage of Azotobacter vinelandii and Nitrosomonas europaea via generation of reactive oxygen species. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2019. 103(1): p. 181-186.
47. Canaparo, R., et al., Biomedical applications of reactive oxygen species generation by metal nanoparticles. Materials, 2020. 14(1): p. 53.
48. Sharma, P., D. Goyal, and B. Chudasama, Antibacterial activity of colloidal copper nanoparticles against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2022. 74(5): p. 695-706.
49. Javadhesari, S.M., et al., Antibacterial activity of ultra-small copper oxide (II) nanoparticles synthesized by mechanochemical processing against S. aureus and E. coli. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2019. 105: p. 110011.
50. Zangeneh, M.M., et al., Novel synthesis of Falcaria vulgaris leaf extract conjugated copper nanoparticles with potent cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and cutaneous wound healing activities under in vitro and in vivo condition. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2019. 197: p. 111556.
51. Christena, L.R., et al., Copper nanoparticles as an efflux pump inhibitor to tackle drug resistant bacteria. Rsc Advances, 2015. 5(17): p. 12899-12909.
52. Singh, P., et al., Silver nanoparticles produced from Cedecea sp. exhibit antibiofilm activity and remarkable stability. Scientific Reports, 2021. 11(1): p. 1-13.
53. Kim, S.-H., et al., Antibacterial activity of silver-nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters, 2011. 39(1): p. 77-85.
54. Sulaiman, G.M., et al., Hesperidin loaded on gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for a successful biocompatible, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and phagocytosis inducer model. Scientific reports, 2020. 10(1): p. 1-16.
55. Ekstrand-Hammarström, B., et al., Human primary bronchial epithelial cells respond differently to titanium dioxide nanoparticles than the lung epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B. Nanotoxicology, 2012. 6(6): p. 623-634.
56. Huerta-García, E., et al., Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce strong oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in glial cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2014. 73: p. 84-94.
57. Xia, T., et al., Comparison of the mechanism of toxicity of zinc oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles based on dissolution and oxidative stress properties. ACS nano, 2008. 2(10): p. 2121-2134.
58. Kumar, S., R. Meena, and R. Paulraj, Role of macrophage (M1 and M2) in titanium-dioxide nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rat. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2016. 180(7): p. 1257-1275.
59. Yu, Z., et al., Reactive oxygen species-related nanoparticle toxicity in the biomedical field. Nanoscale research letters, 2020. 15(1): p. 1-14.
60. Beyerle, A., et al., Toxicity pathway focused gene expression profiling of PEI-based polymers for pulmonary applications. Molecular pharmaceutics, 2010. 7(3): p. 727-737.
61. Liang, X., et al., Reactive oxygen species trigger NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in A549 cells. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2017. 33(10): p. 737-745.
62. Toti, U.S., et al., Targeted delivery of antibiotics to intracellular chlamydial infections using PLGA nanoparticles. Biomaterials, 2011. 32(27): p. 6606-6613.
63. Saha, B., et al., In vitro structural and functional evaluation of gold nanoparticles conjugated antibiotics. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2007. 2(12): p. 614-622.
64. Tang, H., et al., Effects and mechanism of nano-copper exposure on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes in rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018. 19(7): p. 2140.
65. Jeong, S.H., et al., ZnO nanoparticles induce TNF-α expression via ROS-ERK-Egr-1 pathway in human keratinocytes. Journal of dermatological science, 2013. 72(3): p. 263-273.
66. Khan, H., et al., Transient increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in rat liver exposed to gold nanoparticles. Genet Mol Res, 2013. 12(4): p. 5851-5857.
67. Ibrahim, K.E., et al., A priming dose protects against gold nanoparticles-induced proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in mice. Nanomedicine, 2018. 13(3): p. 313-323.
68. Khan, H.A., et al., Effects of naked gold nanoparticles on proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in rat liver and kidney. BioMed research international, 2013. 2013.