مهندسی بهای تمام شده ایمنی در محیط کار از دیدگاه حسابداری مدیریت و استفاده از روشهای نوین ارزیابی عملکرد
محورهای موضوعی : حسابداری مدیریت
1 - دانشجوی دکتری حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم تحقیقات، مدرس دانشگاه و موسسات آموزش عالی
کلید واژه: حسابداری مدیریت, مهندسی هزینه, ایمنی در محیط کار, بهای تمام شده ایمنی, تحلیل هزینه- فایده,
چکیده مقاله :
تمرکز بر مهندسی هزینه از طریق محاسبه دقیق و مربوط بهای تمام شده در بخش ایمنی محیط کار بر اساس اصل هزینه فایده و به تبع آن سنجش عملکرد منطقی و کارآمد از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است، زیرا در حال حاضر با ارزش ترین منابع هر سازمانی، نیروی انسانی متخصص و ماهر آن سازمان بوده و تامین شرایط مناسب و ایمن در محیط کار برای آن از اهمیت و جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار است. در همین راستا هدف این مقاله حاضر تمرکز بر شیوه های اندازهگیری بهای تمام شده ایمنی و طراحی الگوی های بهای تمام شده و استفاده از این اطلاعات در تصمیم گیری های سازمانی و ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان می باشد. روش های غالب برای محاسبه هزینه های مربوط به ایمنی در محیط کار، براساس برآورد بهای تمام شده استوار بوده و در این رابطه اقدامات معمول شامل محاسبه بهای هر آسیب و یا بهای تمام شده کلی حوادث می شود. حسابداری مدیریت همچنین باید بر جنبه های غیر مالی مانند میزان احساس امنیت کارکنان و روش های افزایش ایمنی تمرکز داشته باشد. در سرمایه گذاری های مسائل ایمنی،اگرچه هزینه ها مشخص هستند، ولی محاسبه ارزش مزایای حاصل از این مخارج دشوار است و باید از روش های نوین ارزیابی عملکرد مانند کارت ارزیابی متوازن استفاده کرد. علاوه بر این، درباره قابلیت اجرای روش های خاص حسابداری مدیریت برای تصمیم گیری در ارتباط با ایمنی در محیط کار و چگونگی استفاده از آنها در جهت بهبود شیوه های فعلی بحث می شود. این روش ها شامل کارت ارزیابی متوازن، دوره بازپرداخت و تحلیل هزینه - فایده است. تعیین ارزش ایمنی نیروی انسانی نیز در آنالیزهای هزینه-فایده نیز مورد بحث قرار می گیرد.
Recently, professional and highly skilled man power is the most valuable possession in any given organization, and that is why it is so essential to prepare a suitable and safe work environment .Then it is most of the importance to be focused on cost engineering in safety aspects, through benefit-to-cost opinion and consequently a logic and effective measurement of performance .Accordingly, this article is focused on safety cost measuring systems and designing cost evaluating routines, also how to use these kinds of information in decision- making and performance measurement system in organizations .Cost evaluating, is the main method uses to assessment the safety related costs in work environment, which calculate the cost of every single damage (cost per injury) or an overall cost of an accident. However, management accounting must treat some non-monetory aspects as well, the concepts like how much safe the staff do feel and how to increase the safety in general. In safety related investments, although the costs are known, the assessment of monetary value of the benefits is too difficult, and then using the modern performance measurement methods like Balanced Scorecard approach is necessary .The article also has a glance on the ability of commencing the peculiar management accounting methods oriented in safety decision making and using them in improvement the conventional routines. These methods are Balanced Scorecard approach the payback period and benefit-to-cost analysis. The valuing of human life also argues with in benefit-to-cost analysis .
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