مطالعه تطبیقی ابزارهای ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی درپژوهش‏های اجتماعی

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران

سارا حاجی علیانی ¹ , فرحناز رستمی ² , مصطفی احمدوند ³ , علی اصغر میرک زاده ⁴ , حسین آزادی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.
4 - دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
5 - استادیار، گروه آگرو - بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه لیژ، ژامبلو، بلژیک.

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/05/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/07/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/08/01

کلید واژه: ارزیابی, اثرات اجتماعی, مقایسه تطبیقی, الگوی جرج بردی,

چکیده مقاله :

نظر به اینکه ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی به عنوان پیش نیازهای اجتماعی برای حل مشکلات و ناکارآمدی های اجتماعی و حتی از مهمترین بخش های شروع برای رشد اقتصادی است و فرصت هایی را برای کاربرد بنیادی مبانی توسعه ی پایدار فراهم می کند. از این رو لزوم توجه به بعد اجتماعی و تمرکز بر ارزیابی این بعد به منظور فراهم آوردن یک نتیجه گیری کلی از اثرات اجتماعی اقدامات و برنامه های توسعه ی پایدار را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. با این حال بررسی ادبیات نشان می‌دهد که مطالعات کمی در زمینه ی توصیف و تفسیر روش های ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی با وجود اهمیت و جذابیت ارزیابی این بعد در اقدامات توسعه ی پایدار وجود دارد. علیرغم در دسترس بودن معیارها برای اندازه‌گیری اثرات اجتماعی، انتخاب ابزارهایی که مطابق با نیازهای دقیق محققان حوزه علوم اجتماعی باشد، کاری بس دشوار است. به منظور پرداختن به این چالش، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر ارائه یک تحلیل جامع از ابزارهای متداول و پرکاربرد اندازه گیری اثرات اجتماعی در پروژه های اجتماعی است که با استفاده از مروری سیستماتیک بر ادبیات موضوع صورت گرفته است. از این نظر، در این مطالعه از الگوی جرج زی ال بردی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین روش های استاندارد برای مقایسه تطبیقی این ابزارها در قالب چهار مرحله توصیف، تفسیر، همجواری و مقایسه بهره گیری شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که همیشه بهترین یک روش وجود ندارد و هر روش به طور قطع روش های دیگر را منتفی نمی کند. از سویی دیگر هر روش بهتر از روش دیگر نمی باشد و انتخاب بهترین روش به عواملی مانند حوزه پژوهش، موضوع تحقیق، طراحی تحقیق، انتخاب روش های مناسب و متناسب، بازبینی در انتخاب های انجام شده، بررسی مجدد سؤال ها، ماهیت مساله و سایر عوامل زمینه ای دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

 Considering that social impact assessment is a social prerequisite for solving social problems andinefficiencies, and even one of the most important starting points for economic growth, and providesopportunities for fundamental application of the foundations of sustainable development. Therefore, it isnecessary to pay attention to the social dimension and focus on assessing this dimension in order to provide ageneral conclusion of the social impacts of sustainable development measures and programmes. However,literature studies show that there are few studies on the description and interpretation of social impactassessment methods despite the importance and attractiveness of assessing this dimension in sustainabledevelopment measures. Despite the availability of metrics to measure social impact, it is difficult to choose toolsthat meet the exact needs of social science researchers. In order to address this challenge, the main goal of thecurrent research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the common and widely used tools for measuringsocial effects in social projects, which has been done using a systematic review of the subject literature. Fromthis point of view, in this study, the model of George Z. L. Brady has been used as one of the most importantstandard methods for the comparative comparison of these tools in the form of four stages of description,interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison. The results show that there is not always one best method andeach method definitely does not rule out other methods. On the other hand, each method is not better thananother method, and the choice of the best method depends on factors such as the research field, research topic,research design, choosing suitable and appropriate methods, reviewing the choices made, re-examining thequestions, the nature of the problem, and others. There are underlying factors. 

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