اثربخشی مداخله شناختی-رفتاری متمرکز بر والد-کودک بر مشکلات رفتاری کودکان آزاردیده جسمی و شیوههای والدینی
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی بالینیمینا معیناسلام 1 , محمدعلی مظاهری 2 , کارینه طهماسیان 3 , جلیل فتحآبادی 4
1 - کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی کودک و نوجوان
2 - استاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 - استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
4 - دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
کلید واژه: مشکلات رفتاری, کودکآزاری, مداخله شناختیـرفتاری, کودکان آزاردیده جسمی, رفتارهای والدینی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش تعیین اثربخشی مداخله شناختی-رفتاری متمرکز بر والد-کودک بر کاهش مشکلات رفتاری کودکان آزاردیده جسمی و بهبود رفتارهای والدینی است. 28 کودک 7 تا 9 سال از انجمن حمایت از کودکان کار شهر تهران و مادران آن ها به شیوه نمونهبرداری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. 15 زوج مادر و کودک در گروه مداخله متمرکز بر والد-کودک و 13 مادر در گروه مداخله متمرکز بر والد جایگزین شدند. بسته درمان شناختی-رفتاری ترکیبی والد-کودک در طول 5 جلسه به مادران و 8 جلسه به کودکان عرضه شد. پس از پایان مداخله، پسآزمون و پس از دو ماه، پیگیری انجام شد. ابزارها شامل فهرست رفتاری کودک (آشنباخ، 1991)، پرسشنامه والدگری آلاباما (فریک، 1991) و پرسشنامه ظرفیت کودکآزاری (میلنر، 1986) بود. نتایج تحلیل واریانس آمیخته حاکی از آن بود که مداخله شناختی-رفتاری در کاهش مشکلات درونیسازی و برونیسازی مؤثر بوده است. در زیرمقیاسهای رفتارهای والدینی نیز فقر نظارت و تنبیه بدنی کاهش یافت، اما ظرفیت کودکآزاری تغییر معناداری نشان نداد. همچنین از لحاظ اثربخشی مداخله روی متغیرهای مشکلات رفتاری، رفتارهای والدینی و ظرفیت کودکآزاری میان دو گروه تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد، که نشاندهنده نقش اصلی مادران در مداخلههای کودک آزاری است. نتایج این پژوهش با روشنتر ساختن نقش کودک و والد در حیطه مداخلههای کودک آزاری، در موقعیتهای بالینی و برای کاهش این پدیده کاربرد خواهد داشت.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parent- child focused cognitive- behavioral intervention on decreasing behavioral problems of physically abused children and improving parental practices. Twenty eight children aged 7-9 years from the Association for Protection of Working Children in Tehran and their mothers were selected by available sampling. Fifteen pairs of mother-child were assigned into the parent-child group and 13 mothers were assigned into the parent focused group. The mothers received 5 sessions of the combined parent-child cognitive- behavioral therapy package and the children received 8 sessions of the package. Posttest conducted at the end of the intervention. The study had a 2-month follow-up period. The mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991), the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1991) and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Milner, 1986). The data were analyzed by mixed ANOVA. The results indicated that the cognitive- behavioral intervention significantly decreased internalizing and externalizing problems. The scores of the poor monitoring and the corporal punishment subscales of the parental practices scale decreased but the scores of the child abuse potential subscale didn’t significantly change. Furthermore there were no significant differences between the effectiveness of the intervention on behavioral problems, parental practices and child abuse potential in both groups, which reflected the central role of mothers in child abuse interventions. By clarifying the role of child and parent in child abuse interventions, the findings suggested these interventions could be applied to clinical settings and may reduce the child abuse phenomenon..
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