Analysis of safety factors in wheelchair frames for stroke sufferers

Subject Areas : Reliability and system safety

Nurul Ihsan ¹ , Moch. Yunus ² , Junil Adri ³ , Andril Arafat ⁴ , Anton Komaini ⁵ , Deby Tri Mario ⁶ , Novadri Ayubi ⁷ , Aydin Karacam ⁸ , Zsolt Németh ⁹ , Yovhandra Ockta ¹⁰

1 - Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang
2 - Universitas Negeri Malang (Indonesia),
3 - Universitas Negeri Padang (Indonesia)
4 - Universitas Negeri Padang (Indonesia)
5 - Universitas Negeri Padang (Indonesia)
6 - Universitas Negeri Padang (Indonesia)
7 - Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Indonesia)
8 - Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University (Türkiye)
9 - University of Pécs (Hungary)
10 - Universitas Negeri Padang (Indonesia),

Received: 2024-08-08 Accepted : 2024-09-20 Published : 2024-09-24

Keywords: Stroke, Therapy, Wheelchairs, Inventor Analysis,

Abstract :

The aim of this research is toanalyzing the safety factors in wheelchair frames that have been designed for stroke sufferers, with the hope that they can be useful as a therapeutic tool. A total of 5 participants participated voluntarily, who were recruited based on variations in loading on the wheelchair frame (weight 60 to 100 kg). The wheelchair was designed using the 2019 version of the Solidwork application, and the material uses strum iron with a diameter of ¾ or a thickness of 3 mm. This design is carried out using several manufacturing processes such as bending, cutting and welding. Then, the data was analyzed using a design engineering application with an inventor analysis. The test results show that the highest and lowest stress values were obtained at a loading was 980 Newtons with 12.75 MPa, and 588 Newtons with 7.99 MPa. The simulation results of the Von Mises Stress value show that an increase in the load given to the wheelchair frame is accompanied by a high value of Von Mises Stress. This means that the higher the load, the higher the force and moment reactions that occur in the wheelchair frame. In conclusion, the wheelchair designed is very safe for use by stroke sufferers with a maximum weight was 100 kg. In use, stroke sufferers will sit in a wheelchair and carry out therapy activities. Apart from that, this wheelchair also functions as mobility for them.

References:

Bang, D., Shin, W., Kim, S., & Choi, J.-D. (2013). The effects of action observational training on walking ability in chronic stroke patients: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 27(12), 1118–1125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513501528
Barker, D. J., Reid, D., & Cott, C. (2004). Acceptance and meanings of wheelchair use in senior stroke survivors. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.58.2.221
Batan, I. M. L., Lutiawan, T. N. A. S., & Salim, L. A. (2019). Tricycle applications for physical therapy sufferers. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 588, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/588/1/012034
Belfiore, P., Miele, A., Gallè, F., & Liguori, G. (2018). Adapted physical activity and stroke: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(12), 1867–1875. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07749-0
Bienkiewicz, M. M. N., Brandi, M., Hughes, C., Voitl, A., & Hermsdorfer, J. (2015). The complexity of the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and impairment in everyday tasks after stroke. Brain and Behavior, 5(10), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.371
Billinger, S. A., Arena, R., Bernhardt, J., Eng, J. J., Franklin, B. A., Johnson, M., … Tang, A. (2014). Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 45, 2532–2553. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000022
Bosma, M. S., Nijboer, T. C. W., Caljouw, M. A. A., & Achterberg, W. P. (2019). Impact of visuospatial neglect post-stroke on daily activities, participation and informal caregiver burden: A systematic review. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.05.006
Bushnell, C. D., Chaturvedi, S., Gage, K. R., Herson, P. S., Hurn, P. D., Jimenez, M. C., … Rundek, T. (2018). Sex differences in stroke: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 38(1), 2179–2191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X18793324
Duijnhoven, H. J. R. van, Heeren, A., Peters, M. A. ., Veerbeek, J. M., Kwakkel, G., Geurts, A. C. ., & Weerdesteyn, V. (2016). Effects of exercise therapy on balance capacity in chronic stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke, 47(10), 2603–2610. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013839
Feigin, V. L., Forouzanfar, M. H., Krishnamurthi, R., Mensah, G. A., Connor, M., Bennett, D. A., … Bill, F. (2014). Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990–2010: fi ndings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 383(9913), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4
Ferrarello, F., Baccini, M., Rinaldi, L. A., Cavallini, M. C., Mossello, E., Masotti, G., … Bari, M. Di. (2015). Efficacy of physiotherapy interventions late after stroke: A meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 82(1), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.196428
Gelderblom, G. J., & Witte, L. P. De. (2002). The assessment of assistive technology outcomes, effects and costs. Technology and Disability, 14(1), 91–94.
Gothe, N. P., & Bourbeau, K. (2020). Associations between physical activity intensities and physical function in stroke survivors. American Journal OfPhysical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 99(8), 733–738. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000001410
Gujjar, A. R., El-Tigani, M., Lal, D., Kakaria, A. K., & Al-asmi, A. R. (2018). Different strokes: A management dilemma. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 18(2), 202–207. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2018.18.02.013
Hakim, L., Muslimin, M., & Salim, A. T. A. (2023). Design and analysis of bicycle static as physical therapy upper and lower body exercise for post-stroke patient. Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0867-5_16
Han, P., Zhang, W., Kang, L., Ma, Y., Fu, L., Jia, L., … Guo, Q. (2017). Clinical evidence of exercise benefits for stroke. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 131–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_9
Hyndman, D., Ashburn, A., Yardley, L., & Stack, E. (2006). Interference between balance, gait and cognitive task performance among people with stroke living in the community. Disability and Rehabilitation, 28(13), 849–856. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280500534994
Jette, D. U., Latham, N. K., Smout, R. J., Gassaway, J., Slavin, M. D., & Horn, S. D. (2005). Physical therapy interventions for patients with stroke in inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Physical Therapy, 85(3), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.3.238
Jung, H. S., Park, G., Kim, Y., & Jung, H. (2015). Development and evaluation of one-hand drivable manual wheelchair device for hemiplegic patients. Applied Ergonomics, 48(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.10.020
Kim, C. S., & Bae, S. S. (2010). The comparison of effect of treadmill and ergometer training on gait and balance in stroke. Journal of Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 5(3), 435–443.
Mohanan, A. T., Nithya, S., Nomier, Y., Hassan, D. A., Jali, A. M., Qadri, M., & Machanchery, S. (2023). Stroke-induced central pain: Overview of the mechanisms, management, and emerging targets of central post-stroke pain. Pharmaceuticals, 16, 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16081103
Nozoe, M., Kubo, H., Furuichi, A., Kanai, M., Yamamoto, M., Kobayashi, M., … Mase, K. (2018). Physical activity, physical function, and quadriceps muscle thickness in male patients with sub-acute stroke during hospitalization: A pilot study. European Neurology, 80(1), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494991
Palmcrantz, S., Borg, J., Sommerfeld, D., Plantin, J., Wall, A., Ehn, M., … Boman, I. (2017). An interactive distance solution for stroke rehabilitation in the home setting – A feasibility study. Informatics for Health & Social Care, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2016.1253015
Pollock, A., Baer, G., Campbell, P., Choo, P. L., Forster, A., Morris, J., … Langhorne, P. (2014). Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke (Review). Cochrane Database OfSystematic Reviews, (4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001920.pub3
Salminen, A., Brandt, Å., Samuelsson, K., Töytäri, O., & Malmivaara, A. (2009). Mobility devices to promote activity and participation: A systematic review. Journal Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(16), 697–706. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0427
Saunders, D. H., Mead, G. E., Fitzsimons, C., Kelly, P., van Wijck, F., Verschuren, O., … English, C. (2021). Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012996.pub2
Stinear, C. M., & Byblow, W. D. (2014). Predicting and accelerating motor recovery after stroke. Current Opinion in Neurology, 27(6), 624–630. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000153
Stralen, H. E. Van, Dijkerman, H. C., Biesbroek, J. M., Kuiff, H. J., Gemert, H. M. A. Van, Sluiter, D., … Zandvoort, M. J. E. (2017). Body representation disorders predict left right orientation impairments after stroke: A voxel-based lesion symptom mapping study. CORTEX, 104(6), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.025
Umar, U., Ihsan, N., Okilanda, A., Saputra, M., & Sepriadi, S. (2023). Developing wheelchair as a tool to promote recovery for stroke survivors. Fizjoterapia Polska / Polish Journal of Physiotherapy, 2, 70–75. https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG0DF4F4
Veerbeek, J. M., Wegen, E. Van, Peppen, R. Van, Wees, P. J. Van Der, Hendriks, E., Rietberg, M., & Kwakkel, G. (2014). What is the evidence for physical therapy poststroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(2), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087987
WHO. (2004). Ageing and health technical report: A glossary of terms for community health care and services for older persons. Report no. WHO/WKC/Tech.Ser./ 04.2. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Young, D. R., Hivert, M.-F., Alhassan, S., Camhi, S. M., Ferguson, J. F., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Yong, C. M. (2016). Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Circulation, 134, e1–e19. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000440
Zhang, B., Saatman, K. E., & Chen, L. (2020). Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from Chinese medicine in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke. Neural Regeneration Research, 15(3), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.265545