تاثیر پیش سرد کردن بر پایداری میکروبی و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی دو رقم توت فرنگی طی دوره انبارداری
محورهای موضوعی : میکروبیولوژی مواد غذایی
آریو امامی فر
1
(استادیار گروه صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران)
کلید واژه: پیش سرد کردن, پایداری میکروبی, توت فرنگی, عمر انبارمانی, ویژگی های فیزیکوشیمیایی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: توت فرنگی میوه ای فساد پذیر، حساس به آلودگی‌های میکروبی، آسیب‌های مکانیکی و نابسامانی‌های فیزیولوژیک است. حرارت مزرعه و حرارت ناشی از تنفس دو عامل تاثیر‌‌‌گذار در کیفیت پس از برداشت این میوه می باشند. لذا سرد کردن توت فرنگی بلافاصله پس از برداشت با هدف افزایش ماندگاری و بهبود خصوصیات کیفی آن ضروری است. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر پیش سرد کردن بر خصوصیات میکروبی و فیزیکوشیمیایی دو رقم توت فرنگی طی دوره انبارداری انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: پس از برداشت و بسته بندی دو رقم توت فرنگی (کویین الیزا و محلی کردستان)، از هر رقم، نیمی از بسته ها پس از نگهداری در مزرعه و نیمه دیگر پس از پیش سرد کردن به سردخانه (دمای یک درجه سانتی گراد و رطوبت نسبی 90 درصد) منتقل شدند. پایداری میکروبی و خصوصیات فیزیکو شیمیایی (افت وزن، اسید آسکوربیک، محتوی آنتوسیانین، فنل کل، ظرفیت ضد اکسایشی، اسیدیته، pH و کل مواد جامد محلول) توت فرنگی‌های پیش سرد شده در مقایسه با نمونه های بدون پیش سرد هر چهار روز یکبار طی 20 روز انبارداری به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار ارزیابی گردید. یافته‌ها: آلودگی میکروبی، افت وزن و میزان نابودی اسیدآسکوربیک، در توت فرنگی‌های پیش سرد شده در مقایسه با بدون پیش سرد تا 20 روز پس از انبارمانی، کاهش معنی داری (p <0.05) را نشان داد. همچنین، اسیدیته کل، کل مواد جامد محلول، محتوی آنتوسیانین، فنل کل و ترکیبات ضد اکسایشی در توت فرنگی‌های پیش سرد شده در مقایسه با بدون پیش سرد افزایش معنی‌داری (p <0.05) نشان داد. نتیجهگیری: به کارگیری پیش سرد کردن در توت فرنگی های رقم کویین الیزا در مقایسه با رقم محلی کردستان در کاهش آلودگی های میکروبی، افت وزن و همچنین ممانعت از افت ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی تاثیر گذارتر می باشد.
Introduction: Strawberry is a perishable fruit, vulnerable to mechanical damage, microbial spoilage and physiological disorders. Temperature of field and heat of respiration are two important factors affecting the postharvest quality of many fruits. The fruits must be cooled after the harvest in order to improve the quality and shelf-life of the product. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of precooling on the microbial and physicochemical properties of two strawberry cultivars during storage. Materials and Methods: Immediately after harvesting and packaging of strawberries “Queen Elisa and Kurdistan”, half of the packed was put in the field and the other half was subjected to the precooler. Finaly all of them, were transferred to the cold storage (1 oC, 90% RH). Microbial stability, physiochemical characteristics (weight loss, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total phenol contents, antioxidant capacity, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and pH) of precooled and non-precooled strawberries were evaluated every 4 days after harvesting up to 20 days of storage. This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design. Results: Precooled strawberries significantly showed lower microbial load, weight loss and destruction of ascorbic acid than that of non-precooled fruits up to 20 days of storage (p <0.05). Titratable acidity, total soluble solids, anthocyanin content, total phenol and antioxidant capacity for precooled strawberries were significantly increased as compared to non-precooled (p <0.05). Conclusion: Application of precooling technique in Queen Elisa strawberry cultivar as compared to Kurdistan strawberry cultivar was significantly more effective in reducing the microbial load, weight loss and loss of biochemical characteristics.
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