اثر دو سطح مکمل خوراکی بر کمیت و کیفیت عسل و ژله سلطنتی تولیدی با تکنیک گرافتینگ
محورهای موضوعی : تغذیه -پروبیوتیک ها - غذاهای فراسودمندسارا شادمهر 1 , محمد چمنی 2 * , ناصر تاج آبادی 3 , علی اصغر صادقی 4 , علیرضا صیداوی 5
1 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - گروه زنبور عسل، پژوهشکده علوم دامی ایران، سازمان آموزش و ترویج تحقیقات کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
4 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
5 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: ژله سلطنتی, زنبور عسل, تکنیک گرافتینگ, مکمل خوراکی رویالین, Apis mellifera meda .,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر دو سطح مکمل خوراکی رویالین بر کمیت و کیفیت ژله سلطنتی تولیدی با تکنیک گرافتینگ بر روی زنبورهای عسل (Apis mellifera meda)، انجام شد. برای این منظور، 15 کلنی زنبور عسل یکسان از لحاظ ملکه خواهری، جمعیت و ذخایر غذایی، در سه تیمار و چهار تکرار تقسیم شد. تیمار اول به عنوان شاهد، دریافت کننده 500 میلیلیتر شربت به نسبت یک به یک، تیمار دوم، دریافت کننده 10 گرم مکمل خوراکی در 500 میلیلیتر شربت و تیمار سوم، دریافت کننده 20 گرم مکمل خوراکی در 500 میلیلیتر شربت بود. هر 15 روز یکبار میزان جمعیت، تخم، لارو و شفیره اندازهگیری شد. همچنین میزان عسل، ژله سلطنتی تولیدی، ذخیره گرده، برخی فراسنجههای کیفی ژله سلطنتی نظیر 10 هیدروکسی-2-دسنوئیک اسید و اسیدآمینهها، برخی فراسنجههای کیفی عسل نظیر هیدروکسی متیل فورفورال، قندها، فعالیت دیاستازی، پرولین، رطوبت نسبی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مکمل خوراکی، میزان تولید ژله سلطنتی، مقدار پروتئین موجود در ژله سلطنتی، میزان جمعیت، تخم، لارو و شفیره را در تیمار دوم به طور معنیداری افزایش داد. مقدار عسل تولیدی در تیمار دوم نسبت به تیمار اول تفاوت معنیداری داشت. در هیچ یک از تیمارها اثر معنیداری در غلظت هیدروکسی-2-دسنوئیک اسید، میزان ذخیره گرده، و برخی از فراسنجهها مشاهده نشد. فعالیت دیاستازی و پرولین در تیمار دوم نسبت به تیمار اول (شاهد) افزایش یافت. به طور کلی استفاده از 10 گرم مکمل خوراکی (تیمار دوم)، سبب بهبود عملکرد در کلنیها شد.
This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of two levels of Royalin feed supplements on the quantity and quality of royal jelly produced by grafting technique on honey bees (Apis mellifera meda). For this purpose, 15 identical honey bee colonies were divided into three treatments and four replications in terms of queen sisterhood, population and feed reserves. The first treatment, as a control, received 500 ml of syrup in a ratio of one to one, the second treatment, received 10 grams of feed supplement in 500 ml of syrup, and the third treatment, received 20 grams of feed supplement in 500 ml of syrup. Population, eggs, larvae and pupae were measured every 15 days. Also, the amount of honey, royal jelly produced, pollen storage, some qualitative parameters of royal jelly such as 10 Hydroxy-D-Decenoic Acid and amino acids, some qualitative parameters of honey such as hydroxymethylfurfural, sugars, diastatic activity, Prolin, Relative Humidity. The results showed that the royal jelly oral supplement significantly increased the amount of royal jelly production, the amount of protein in royal jelly, the amount of population, eggs, larvae and pupae in the second treatment. The amount of honey produced in the second treatment was statistically higher than the first treatment. In none of the treatments, significant effects were observed in HDA concentration, pollen storage rate, and some qualitative parameters of honey. Diastase activity and prolin increased in second treatment compared to the first treatment (control). In general, the use of 10 grams of feed supplement in the second treatment led to better performance in the research.
1. توسـلی موسی، قنبرپور کوثر، شمسـی لعیا. بررسـی اثر کنه کشـی عصاره گیاهی ماتریکاریا کامومیل بر روی کنه آرگاس پرسـیکوس. تحقیقات دامپزشکی. 1397؛ 73(2): 139-135. doi: 0.22059/JVR.2018.141455.2424
2. علمی محسن، فانی علیرضا. اثر تغذیه مکمل-های گرده حاوی فیدبی و مخمر نانوایی بر رشد کلنی¬¬های زنبور عسل. پژوهش های علوم دامی (دانش کشاورزی). 1392؛ 23(1): 138-129.
3. محب الدینی حسین، مقصود لو عاطفه، دستار بهروز، طهماسبی غلام حسین. تولید ژله سلطنتی، مقدار تیامین ژله سلطنتی و توسعه غدد هیپوفارژینال در کلنی زنبورعسل ایرانی(Apis mellifera mede) تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف تیامین. پژوهش¬های جانوری (زیست شناسی ایران). 1397؛ 31(4): 417-406.
doi: 20.1001.1.23832614.1397.31.4.7.9
4. وکیلی محمد حسن، دبیری نجفقلی، نهضنی غلامعلی، معروفی مریم. تأثیر تغذیه سطوح مختلف نشاسته بر پرورش نوزاد و رشد جمعیت کلنی زنبورعسل (Apis mellifera). علوم و فنون زنبور عسل ایران. 1392؛ 6(11): 138-129.
5. Ali MA. Studies on bee venom and its medical uses. International Journal of Advanced Research and Technology. 2012; 1(2):69-83.
6. Al-Ghamdi A, Mohammed SE, Ansari MJ, Adgaba N. Comparison of physicochemical properties and effects of heating regimes on stored Apis mellifera and Apis florea honey. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2019; 26(4):845-848.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.06.002.
7. Alqarni AS. Influence of some protein diets on the longevity and some physiological conditions of honeybee Apis mellifera L. workers. Journal of Biological Sciences. 2006; 6(4):734-737. doi: 10.3923/jbs.2006.734.737.
8. Biluca FC, Braghini F, Gonzaga LV, Costa AC, Fett R. Physicochemical profiles, minerals and bioactive compounds of stingless bee honey (Meliponinae). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2016; 50:61-69. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1324385.
9. Carter C, Shafir S, Yehonatan L, Palmer RG, Thornburg R. A novel role for proline in plant floral nectars. Naturwissenschaften. 2006; 93:72-79. doi: 10.1007/s00114-005-0062-1.
10. Cebotari V, Buzu I, Gliga O, Postolachi O. New nutritional supplements for bees during deficient harvesting period. Scientific Papers-Animal Science Series: Lucrări Ştiinţifice–Seria Zootehnie. 2015; 67:73-80.
11. Cebotari V, Buzu I, Postolaky О, Gliga O. Testing of the nutrient supplement enriched with biomass aquatic algae in the bee’s feed. Scientific Papers Series D. Animal Science. 2016; 59:85-90.
12. Costa C, Lodesani M, Maistrello L. Effect of thymol and resveratrol administered with candy or syrup on the development of Nosema ceranae and on the longevity of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in laboratory conditions. Apidologie. 2010; 41(2):141-150.
doi: 10.1051/apido/2009070.
13. Da C, Azeredo L, Azeredo MA, De Souza SR, Dutra VM. 2003. Protein contents and physicochemical properties in honey samples of Apis mellifera of different floral origins. Food Chemistry. 2003; 80(2):249-254. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00261-3.
14. Darvishzadeh A. Effect of proline as a nutrient on hypopharyngeal glands during development of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Arthropods. 2015; 4(4):137-142.
15. DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Chen Y, Rivera R, Carroll M, Chambers M, Hidalgo G, de Jong EW. Honey bee colonies provided with natural forage have lower pathogen loads and higher overwinter survival than those fed protein supplements. Apidologie. 2016; 47:186-196.
doi: 10.1007/s13592-015-0386-6.
16. Delaplane KS, Van Der Steen J, Guzman-Novoa E. Standard methods for estimating strength parameters of Apis mellifera colonies. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2013; 52(1):1-12. doi: 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.03.
17. Di Pasquale G, Alaux C, Le Conte Y, Odoux JF, Pioz M, Vaissière BE, Belzunces LP, Decourtye A. Variations in the availability of pollen
resources affect honey bee health. PloS One. 2016; 11(9): 1-12.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162818.
18. Doull KM. Relationships between consumption of a pollen supplement, honey production and broodrearing in colonies of honeybees Apis mellifera L. Apidologie. 1980; 11(4): 367-374. doi: doi.org/10.1051/apido:19800404.
19. El-Hassan R, Mahmoud, N. Effect of some algal metabolites producedes for controlling varroa mite infesting honeybee colonies. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2006; 37(4):234-344.
20. Eremia N, Bahcivanji M, Zagareanu A. Study of influence of algal "Chlorella vulgaris" suspension on growth and productivity of bees families. Lucrări Științifice-Seria Zootehnie. 2013; 59:148-152.
21. Faquinello P, de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo V, Nunes Martins E, de Oliveira CA, Josiane Sereia M, Martins Costa-Maia F, Colla Ruvolo-Takasusuki MC. Parameters for royal jelly production in Africanized honeybees. Sociobiology. 2011; 57(3):495-452.
22. Fujita T, Kozuka-Hata H, Ao-Kondo H, Kunieda T, Oyama M, Kubo T. Proteomic analysis of the royal jelly and characterization of the functions of its derivation glands in the honeybee. Journal of Proteome Research. 2013; 12(1):404-411.
doi: 10.1021/pr300700e.
23. Ghosh S, Playford RJ. Bioactive natural compounds for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical Science. 2003; 104(6):547-556.
doi: 10.1042/CS20030067.
24. Gomes S, Dias LG, Moreira L. L, Rodrigues P, Estevinho L. Physicochemical, microbiological and antimicrobial properties of commercial honeys from Portugal. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010; 48(2):544-548.
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.029.
25. Haydak MH. Vitamin content of royal jelly from honey bee colonies fed normal diet and from those fed pollen substitutes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 1960; 53(5):695-702.
doi: 10.1093/aesa/53.5.695.
26. Haydak MH. Honey bee nutrition. Annual Review of Entomology. 1970; 15(1):143-156.
27. Herbert Jr EW, Shimanuki H, Caron D. Optimum protein levels required by honey bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) to initiate and maintain brood rearing. Apidologie. 1997; 8(2):141-146.
doi: 10.1051/apido:19770204.
28. Hoover SE, Ovinge LP, Kearns JD. Consumption of supplemental spring protein feeds by western honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies: effects on colony growth and pollination potential. Journal of Economic Entomology. 2022; 115(2):417-429.
doi: 10.1093/jee/toac006.
29. Irandoust H, Ebadi R. Nutritional effects of high protein feeds on growth, development, performance and overwintering of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2013; 1(6):601-613.
doi: 10.26655/ijabbr.2017.9.5.
30. Islam N, Mahmood R, Sarwar G, Ahmad S, Abid S. Development of pollen substitute diets for Apis mellifera ligustica colonies and their impact on brood development and honey production. Pakistan Agricultural Research. 2020; 33(2):381-388. doi: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2020/33.2.381.388.
31. Jehlík T, Kodrík D, Krištůfek V, Koubová J, Sábová M, Danihlík J, Tomčala A, Čapková Frydrychová R. Effects of Chlorella sp. on biological characteristics of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Apidologie. 2019; 50:564-577. doi: 10.1007/s13592-019-00670-3.
32. Keller I, Fluri P, Imdorf A. Pollen nutrition and colony development in honey bees-Part II. Bee World. 2005; 86(2):27-34. doi: 10.1080/0005772X.2005.11099650.
33. Kocot J, Kiełczykowska M, Luchowska-Kocot D, Kurzepa J, Musik I. Antioxidant potential of
propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly: Possible medical application. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2018; 20:1-29.
doi: org/10.1155/2018/7074209.
34. Kunugi H, Mohammed Ali A. Royal jelly and its components promote healthy aging and longevity: from animal models to humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19):4662-4668. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194662.
35. Manning R, Rutkay A, Eaton L, Dell B. Lipid enhanced pollen and lipid reduced flour diets and their effect on the longevity of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Australian Journal of Entomology. 2007; 46(3):251-257.
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00598.x.
36. Mattila HR, Otis GW. Influence of pollen diet in spring on development of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies. Journal of Economic Entomology. 2006; 99(3):604-613. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-99.3.604.
37. Mevi-Schütz J, Erhardt A. Amino acids in nectar enhance butterfly fecundity: a long-awaited link. American Naturalist. 2005; 165(4):411-419. doi: 10.1086/429150.
38. Mortensen AN, Jack CJ, Bustamante TA, Schmehl DR, Ellis JD. Effects of supplemental pollen feeding on honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony strength and Nosema spp. infection. Journal of Economic Entomology. 2019; 112(1):60-66.
doi: 10.1093/jee/toy341.
39. Naheed R, Farooqi SR. Physical characterization and antibiotic potential of honey collected from A. florea combs in district Khairpur. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2018; 6(1):1564-1570.
40. Ramchoun M, Alem C, Ghafoor K, Ennassir J, Zegzouti YF. Functional composition and antioxidant activities of eight Moroccan date fruit varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 2017; 16(3):257-264. doi: 10.1016/j.jssas.2015.08.005.
41. Rathman ES, Lanza J, Wilson J. Feeding preferences of flesh flies (Sarcophaga bullata) for sugar-only vs. sugar-amino acid nectars. American Midland Naturalist. 1990; 1:379-389. doi: 10.2307/2426188.
42. Sabatini AG, Marcazzan GL, Caboni MF, Bogdanov S, Almeida-Muradian LB. 2009. Quality and standardisation of royal jelly. Journal of ApiProduct and ApiMedical Science. 2009; 1(1):1-6.
doi: 10.3896/IBRA.4.1.01.04.
43. Saffari A, Kevan PG, Atkinson JL. Palatability and consumption of patty-formulated pollen and pollen substitutes and their effects on honeybee colony performance. Journal of Apicultural Science. 2010; 54(2):63-71.
44. Salih HS, Al-Jaf SH. Physicochemical properties and mineral contents of honeys harvested from different cities in kurdistan region. Journal of the University of Garmian. 2019; 6(1):369-379.
doi: 10.24271/garmian.196230.
45. Schmehl DR, Teal PE, Frazier JL, Grozinger CM. Genomic analysis of the interaction between pesticide exposure and nutrition in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Insect Physiology. 2014; 71:177-190.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.002.
46. Schmitzova J, Klaudiny J, Albert Š, Schröder W, Schreckengost W, Hanes J, Judova J, Šimúth J. A family of major royal jelly proteins of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 1998; 54:1020-1030.
doi: 10.1007/s000180050229.
47. Sihag RC, Gupta M. Testing the effects of some pollen substitute diets on colony build up and economics of beekeeping vvith Apis mellifera L. Journal of Entomology. 2013; 10(3):120-135.
doi: 10.3923/je.2013.120.135.
48. Silva IP, Caldas MJ, Machado CS, Nascimento AS, Lordêlo MS, Barbara MF, Evangelista-Barreto NS, Estevinho LM, Carvalho CA. Antioxidants activity and physicochemical properties of honey from social bees of the Brazilian semiarid region. Journal of Apicultural
Research. 2021; 60(5):797-806. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010071.
49. Smart MD, Pettis JS, Euliss N, Spivak MS. Land use in the Northern Great Plains region of the US influences the survival and productivity of honey bee colonies. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2016; 230:139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.030.
50. Steinhauer NA, Rennich K, Wilson ME, Caron DM, Lengerich EJ, Pettis JS, Rose R, Skinner JA, Tarpy DR, Wilkes JT. A national survey of managed honey bee 2012–2013 annual colony losses in the USA: Results from the Bee Informed Partnership. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2014; 53:1-18. doi: 10.3896/IBRA.1.53.1.01.
51. Suzart Araujo G, Sampaio KF, Santos FS, Bastos TD, Oliveira PP, de Carvalho GB, de Souza SM, Martínez EA. Biochemical, physicochemical and melissopalynological analyses of two multifloral honey types from Brazil and their influence on mead production. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2021; 60(5):784-796. doi: 10.1080/00218839.2020.1828236.
52. Tang J, Ma C, Shi W, Chen X, Liu Z, Wang H, Chen C. A national survey of managed honey bee colony winter losses (Apis mellifera) in China (2013–2017). Diversity. 2020; 12(9):318-324. doi: 10.3390/d12090318.
53. Toderaş I, Rudic V, Gulea A, Cebatori V, Buzu I. The influence of organic remedies next-generation bioactive agents on the vital activity of bee families Apis mellifera. Buletinul Academiei de Stiinte a Moldovei. Stiintele Vietii. 2014; 3:4-15.
54. Toledo VD, Mouro GF. Royal jelly production by selected Africanized honeybees and carniolan hybrids. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 2019; 34:2085-2092. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.45670.
55. Wright GA, Nicolson SW, Shafir S. Nutritional physiology and ecology of honey bees. Annual Review of Entomology. 2018; 63:327-344. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043423.
56. Zerrouk S, Bahloul R. Palynological and physicochemical properties of multifloral honey produced in some regions of Algeria. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2023; 62(2):345-354.
doi: 10.1080/00218839.2020.1856559.