• صفحه اصلی
  • جداسازی، شناسایی و ارزیابی فعالیت اکتینوباکتری های مزارع گندم به منظور کنترل زیستی آفات قارچی

اشتراک گذاری

آدرس مقاله


کد مقاله : 13251 بازدید : 146 صفحه: 11 - 25

10.22034/jest.2018.13251

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

جداسازی، شناسایی و ارزیابی فعالیت اکتینوباکتری های مزارع گندم به منظور کنترل زیستی آفات قارچی

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

مجید گذری 1 , ماریا محمدی زاده 2 , محسن گذری 3 , مریم رفعتی 4

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت محیط زیست ، دانشکده مهندسی منابع طبیعی ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بندرعباس، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت محیط زیست ،دانشکده مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بندرعباس، ایران
3 - دکتری تخصصی میکروبیولوژی، بخش بیوتکنولوژی، پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات)
4 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تهران شمال ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/07/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/10/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/07/01

کلید واژه: کنترل زیستی, آفت انباری گندم, پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه گندم, اکتینوباکتری ها,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: امروزه آفت‌کش‌ها به‌منظورحفظ امنیت غذایی به‌طورگسترده‌ای درسراسرجهان مورداستفاده قرارمی‌گیرند. به دلیل اثرات نامطلوب و ماندگاری بالا، این ترکیبات ازآلاینده‌های مهم محیط‌زیست محسوب می‌شوند. روش‌های کنترل زیستی آفات به‌عنوان بهترین جایگزین برای آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی به شمار می‌روند. این مطالعه باهدف جداسازی و شناسایی اکتینوباکتریهای مولد ترکیبات ضد قارچی در مقابل قارچ‌هایniger Aspergillusعامل آفت انباری گندمو Bipolaris sp. عامل پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه از خاک مزارع گندم منطقه حاجی‌آباد استان هرمزگان انجام گردید. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه نمونه‌برداری از 3 مزرعه گندم انجام شد. برای جداسازی اکتینوباکتریها از دو محیط کشت عصاره خاک آگار و نشاسته کازئین آگار استفاده شد. ارزیابی فعالیت ضد قارچی ایزوله ها با روش انتشار از چاهک انجام گردید. شناسایی ایزوله های مولد با استفاده از روشهای مورفولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی، فیزیولوژیک و ژنتیک صورت گرفت. یافته ها: در کل حدود 207 ایزوله اکتینوباکتری جداسازی گردید. نتایج بیانگر برتری محیط کشت عصاره خاک آگار با جداسازی 125 ایزوله اکتینوباکتری بود. نتایج تیمار فیزیکی برتری تیمار حرارتی با جداسازی 85 ایزوله اکتینوباکتری را نشان داد. بدنبال آن تیمار خشک‌کردن و تیمار اشعه فرا بنفش با جداسازی به ترتیب 57 و 44 ایزوله قرار گرفتند. ارزیابی فعالیت ضد قارچی در مورد 100 ایزوله متمایز از لحاظ مورفولوژیک منجر به انتخاب 2 ایزوله فعال در مقابل قارچ‌های بیماریزای Aspergillus nigerو Bipolaris sp.گردید. شناسایی ایزولههای مولد بر اساس ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیک تعلق ایزوله‌های مولد به جنس استرپتومایسس را نشان داد. نتایج حاصل از شناسایی ژنتیکی و تطابق توالی ژن 16s rRNA سویه‌های مولد و آنالیز فیلوژنتیک بیانگر ترادف %99 درصدی سویهStreptomyces sp. -11MG-با Streptomyces albus و ترادف %99 درصدی سویه 21- Streptomyces sp.MGبا griseus Streptomycesداشت. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش دو سویه‌ 11- Streptomyces sp. MG و 21- Streptomyces sp. MG به‌عنوان کاندیداهای مناسب به منظور مطالعات کنترل زیستی بیماری‌های قارچی در مزارع گندم پیشنهاد می گردند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Nowadays pesticides are extensively used to protect food security worldwide. Due to their undesirable effects, they are considered as important environmental pollutants. Methods for pest biological control are enumerated as an alternative for chemical pesticide. This study was performed to isolate and identify the antifungal-compound-producing Actinobacteria againstAspergillus nigerfungi (stored product pest)and Bipolaris sp.(responsible for root and crown rot disease) from wheat farms of Hajiabad region, Hormozgan province. Methods: Three farming sites were sampled in this study. Actinobacteria were isolated by soil extract agar and starch casein agar media. Antifungal activities were evaluated by well diffusion agar method. Potent isolates were identified through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic analysis. Findings: Approximately a total number of 207 Actinobacteria isolates were isolated. From two isolation media, the soil extract agar yielded 125 isolates and exhibited more efficacy. Results of physical treatments showed that heat treatment could isolate 85 colonies and followed by desiccation and UV treatments by 57 and 46 colonies respectively. Evaluation of the antifungal activities of 100 morphologically distinct isolates revealed that only two isolates exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris sp. Identification of potent isolates according to morphological, biochemical and physiological properties showed that these isolates belong to Streptomyces genus. Genetically, identification and phylogenetic analysis based on16srRNA gene revealed a high similarity between Streptomyces sp.MG-11and Streptomyces albus (similarity: 99%) and between Streptomyces sp.MG-21 and Streptomyces griseus (similarity: 99%). Discussion and Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that Streptomyces sp. MG-11 and Streptomyces sp.MG-21can be considered as appropriate candidates for biological control studies against the selected fungal diseases in wheat farms.

منابع و مأخذ:


Reference

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  29. Hayakawa M, Sadakata T†, Kajiura T, Nonomura H, 1991. New methods for the highly selective isolation of Micromonospora and Microbispora from soil, Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 72: 5, 320–326
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    32.
  32. Masafumi, Shimizu., Sachiko, Yazawa., Yusuke, Ushijima., 2009, A promising strain of endophytic Streptomyces sp. for biological control of cucumber anthracnose, The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer, J Gen Plant Pathol ,75:27–36.
    33.
  33.  Someya N, Kataoka N, Komagata T, Hirayae K, Hibi T, Akutsu K., 2000.Biological control of cyclamen soilborme disedses by Serratia marcescens strain B2. Plant Dis 84:334–340.
    34.
  34. Amein T, Omer Z, Welch C., 2008. Application and evaluation of Pseudomonas strains for biocontrol of wheat seedling blight. Crop Prot 27:532–536
    35.
  35. Khamna S, Yokaota A, Peberdy FJ, Aiumyong S., 2009. Antifungal activity of Streptomyces spp. isolated from rhizosphere of Thai medicinal plants. International Journal of Integrative Biology; 6:143-147
    36.

 

 

_||_

Reference

  1. Council, E.S.R., 2008. Biological Alternatives to Chemical Pesticides. Science Daily. In http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081008065841.htm.
    2.
  2. Braden, J.B. and J.S. Shortle, 2013. “Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution,” In Encyclopedia of Energy, Natural Resource and Environmental Economics, Ed. J. Shogren, Chap. 111. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp.81-85.
    3.
  3. Wasim Aktar, Md., Sengupta, Dwaipayan., Chowdhury Ashim., 2009. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards.  Interdisciplinary Toxicology.2 (1): 1–12.
    4.
  4. Weber, C., 2008.For the Consideration of Biodiversity in Plant Protection Legislation. pp. 15.
    5.
  5. Van Driesche, R.G, Carruthers, R.I, Center, T., Hoddle, M.S., Hough-Goldstein, J,. Morin, L. Smith, L,. Wagner, D.L., Blossey, B., et al.2010. Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems. PSIS/Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Fernald Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Biological Control54 .2010. S2–S33.
    6.
  6. El-Bendary, M.A., 2006. Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus biopesticides production. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 46, 158–170.
    7.
  7. EPA, 1997. Aspergillus niger Final Assessment, Risk, see information in:http: www.epa.gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra006.htm.extension systems.39 5.
    8.
  8. Diehl Y.A., Tinline R.D., Kochhann R.A., Shipton P.Y., and Rovira A.D. 1982. The effect of fallow periodson common root rot of wheat in Rio Grande do sul, Brazil. Phytopathology. 72: 1279-1301.
    9.
  9. Piccinni G., Shriver J.M., and Rush C.M. 2001. Relationship among seed size, planting date, and common root rot in hard red winter wheat. Plant Dis. 85: 973-976.
    10.
  10. Ledingham. R. J, Atkinson. T.G.: Horricks. J.S.: Mills. J. T, Pienini. LJ and Tinline.R.D., 1973. Wheat losses due to common root rot in the Prairie provinces of Canada. 1 969-7 1. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 53: 1 1 3-22.
    11.
  11. Mansouri, B. 2003, Damage due to Karnal bunt disease in wheat commercial
    varieties, 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. (In Persian)
    12.
  12. Berdy, J .2005, Bioactive Microbial metabolite, Journal of Antibiotics,58:493-496.
    13.
  13. Gozari M, Mortazavi M, Bahador N, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Rabbaniha M. Isolation and screening of antibacterial and enzyme producing marine actinobacteria to approach probiotics against some pathogenic vibrios in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. IJFS. 2016; 15 (2):630-644.
    14.
  14. Gozari M, Mortazavi M, Karimzadeh R, Ebrahimi M, Dehghani R. Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes from marine sediments of Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province). ISFJ. 2017; 25 (1):81-93.
    15.
  15. Iznaga, Y., Lemus, M., González, L., Garmendía, L., Nadal, L. and Vallín, C. 2004. Antifungal activity of actinomycetes from cuban soils. Phytotherapy Research., 18, 494-496.
    16.
  16. Wan, M.G., Li, G.Q., Zhang, J.B., Jiang, D.H., Huang, H.C., 2008. Effect of volatile substances of Streptomyces platensis F-1 on control of plant fungal diseases. Biological Control 46, 552–559.
    17.
  17. Coombs JT, Michelsen PP, Franco CMM, 2004. Evaluation of entophytic actinobacteria as antagonists of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in wheat. Biological control 29:359–366.
    18.
  18. Khan M. R,. Doohan. F. M. 2009. Bacterium-mediated control of Fusarium head blight disease ofwheat and barley and associated mycotoxin contamination of grain, University College Dublin, Belfield, Biological Control 48 .42–47.
    19.
  19. Carter M.R., Gregorich E.G,2008. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.34p
    20.
  20. .Hayakawa M, Sadakata T†, Kajiura T, Nonomura H, 1991. New methods for the highly selective isolation of Micromonospora and Microbispora from soil, Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 72: 5, 320–326.
    21.
  21. Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K.-H., Stackebrandt, E. (Eds.), 2006. The Prokaryotes, vol.3. Springer, New York, pp. 652–668.
    22.
  22. Shirling, E. B. & Gottlieb, D., 1966. Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species.
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology16, 313–340.
    23.
  23. Williams, S. T. Goodfellow, M. Alderson, G. Wellington, E. M. H. Sneath, P. H. A. and Sackin, M. J.,1983. Numerical classification of Streptomyces and related genera. Journal of general microbiology, 129, 1743–1813.
    24.
  24. Kieser, T, Bibb, M.J., Buttner, M.J., Chater, K.F., and Hopwood, D.A, 2000. Practical Streptomyces Genetics. Norwich: The John Innes Foundation.
    25.
  25.  Fravel, D.R., 2005. Commercialization and implementation of biocontrol. Annual. Rev. Phytopathology. 43, 337–359.
    26.
  26. Moat, Albert G., John W. Foster, and Michael P. 2003.Spector, eds. Microbial physiology. Wiley. Com.
    27.
  27. Hamaki, T.,Suzuki M, fudou R, jojima Y, kajiura T, tabuchi A, sen Kand shibai H, 2005. Isolation of novel bacteria and actinomycetes using Soil Axtract Agar medium, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 99, 5: 485-492.
    28.
  28. Goodfellow M. 2010. Selective Isolation of Actinobacteria, In Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC, p 13-27.
    29.
  29. Hayakawa M, Sadakata T†, Kajiura T, Nonomura H, 1991. New methods for the highly selective isolation of Micromonospora and Microbispora from soil, Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 72: 5, 320–326
    30.
  30. Tsueng G, Sing Lam K, 2009. Effect of cobalt and vitamin B12 on the production of salinosporamides by Salinispora tropica. The Journal of antibiotics, Tokyo. Apr;62(4):213-6.
    31.
  31. Compant, S., Duffy, B., Nowak, J., Clément, C. and Ait Barka, E, 2005. Useof plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71:4951–4959.
    32.
  32. Masafumi, Shimizu., Sachiko, Yazawa., Yusuke, Ushijima., 2009, A promising strain of endophytic Streptomyces sp. for biological control of cucumber anthracnose, The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer, J Gen Plant Pathol ,75:27–36.
    33.
  33.  Someya N, Kataoka N, Komagata T, Hirayae K, Hibi T, Akutsu K., 2000.Biological control of cyclamen soilborme disedses by Serratia marcescens strain B2. Plant Dis 84:334–340.
    34.
  34. Amein T, Omer Z, Welch C., 2008. Application and evaluation of Pseudomonas strains for biocontrol of wheat seedling blight. Crop Prot 27:532–536
    35.
  35. Khamna S, Yokaota A, Peberdy FJ, Aiumyong S., 2009. Antifungal activity of Streptomyces spp. isolated from rhizosphere of Thai medicinal plants. International Journal of Integrative Biology; 6:143-147
    36.

 

 

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