بررسی تأثیرات خلع سلاح هسته ای بر تغییرات آب و هوایی از منظر حقوق بین الملل
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق محیط زیست
میثم نوروزی
1
(استادیار حقوق بین الملل عمومی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات) )
مهدی اسکندری خوشگو
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین الملل، موسسه آموزش عالی عمران و توسعه، همدان، ایران. )
کلید واژه: امنیت هسته ای, انرژی هسته ای, تغییرات آب و هوایی, خطرات هسته ای, خلع سلاح هسته ای.,
چکیده مقاله :
از مهم‌ترین مسائل پیش روی تمدن بشری در قرن حاضر، می توان به مقوله جلوگیری از جنگ های هسته‌ای و اجتناب از تغییرات آب و هوایی اشاره نمود. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیرات خلع سلاح هسته ای بر تغییرات آب و هوایی از منظر حقوق بین الملل است. این پژوهش بر پیوندهای بالقوه بین انرژی هسته ای به عنوان گزینه ای برای کاهش تغییرات آب و هوایی و خلع سلاح هسته ای تمرکز دارد و به ترتیب به مباحثی همچون خطرات هسته‌ای فعلی، مقیاس چالش هسته ای – اقلیمی، امنیت هسته‌ای و ارتباط آن با انرژی هسته‌ای، عدم تکثیر و خلع سلاح، مدیریت خلع سلاح هسته ای و گام های اساسی برای رسیدگی به چالش های اشاعه و خلع سلاح و پیوندهای سیاسی بین حفظ و تقویت رژیم جهانی منع اشاعه، خلع سلاح هسته ای و رشد انرژی هسته ای در مقیاس بزرگ پرداخته است. استفاده از انرژی هسته‌ای، تقاضاهای بی‌سابقه‌ای را برای سیستم‌های جهانی برای راستی‌آزمایی، کنترل و امنیت مواد هسته‌ای قابل استفاده از سلاح ایجاد می‌کند. کاهش یا رها سازی یا تخلیه بسیاری از تجهیزات و تسلیحات هسته‌ای و ممنوعیت نهایی آن ها نیز نیازمند رویکردهای جدیدی برای مدیریت ذخایر عظیم جهانی مواد هسته‌ای قابل استفاده از سلاح است. جامعه بین‌المللی باید اقداماتی انجام دهد تا انرژی هسته ای بتواند در مدت طولانی به کاهش تغییرات آب و هوایی کمک نماید. در نتیجۀ چنین اقداماتی، خلع سلاح هسته ای، عملی‌تر و مطلوب‌تر می‌گردد و پایه‌های جهانی را می‌سازد که در آن فناوری هسته‌ای به توسعه پایدار کمک می‌کند در حالی که سلاح‌های هسته‌ای شروع به محو شدن از صحنه می‌کنند.
Preventing nuclear war and avoiding catastrophic climate changes are two of the most fundamental challenges facing human civilization in this century. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of nuclear disarmament on climate change from the perspective of international law. This research focuses on the potential links between nuclear energy as an option to reduce climate change and nuclear disarmament and, respectively, discusses topics such as current nuclear risks, the scale of the nuclear-climate challenge, nuclear security and Its relationship with nuclear energy, non-proliferation and disarmament, management of nuclear disarmament and basic steps to address the challenges of proliferation and disarmament and the political links between maintaining and strengthening the global non-proliferation regime, nuclear disarmament and the growth of nuclear energy It has been done on a large scale. The use of nuclear energy places unprecedented demands on global systems for the verification, control and security of weapons-usable nuclear material. Reducing or abandoning or emptying many nuclear weapons and equipment and their final ban also requires new approaches to manage the huge global stockpile of weapons-usable nuclear materials. The international community should take measures so that nuclear energy can help reduce climate change in the long term. As a result of such actions, nuclear disarmament becomes more practical, desirable, and unattainable, and lays the foundations for a world in which nuclear technology contributes to sustainable development while nuclear weapons begin to fade from the scene.
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