بررسی دیدگاه و رفتار مراجعه کنندگان به میادین میوه و تره بار در مورد مصرف کیسه های پلاستیکی در شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
شبنم صادق البیان
1
,
نسترن کشاورز محمدی
2
,
نرگس عبدی پور
3
,
سعید متصدی
4
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشدآموزش بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهیدبهشتی.
2 - دانشیار دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهیدبهشتی. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشدآموزش بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهیدبهشتی.
4 - دانشیار دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهیدبهشتی
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/05/01
کلید واژه:
ترجیحات,
رفتار,
کیسه های قابل استفاده مجدد,
کیسه های پلاستیکی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مصرف کیسههای پلاستیکی جدا از مشکلات محیط زیستی، مشکلات بهداشتی و اجتماعی که ایجاد مینماید، عوارض اقتصادی فراوانی نیز به همراه دارد. تهران سهم بسیار بزرگی در مصرف کیسههای پلاستیکی دارد و تاکنون مطالعهای در این زمینه انجام نشده است. لذا این مطالعه با هدف تعیین وضعیت آموزش، نگرش، ترجیحات و رفتار مراجعهکنندگان به میادین میوه و ترهبار در مورد مصرف کیسههای پلاستیکی در شهر تهران و تدوین محتوای آموزشی در مورد راهکار کاهش مصرف آن، انجام پذیرفته است.روش بررسی: جامعه مورد مطالعه این پژوهش مقطعی توصیفی، 1220 نفر از زنان و مردان 18 سال به بالا مراجعهکننده به میادین میوه و ترهبار 22 منطقه شهر تهران، بود. روش نمونهگیری به صورت نمونهگیری خوشهای طبقهای انجام شد. با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته روا و پایا، جامعه پژوهش به صورت تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. دادهها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 16 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.یافته ها: بیشترین اتفاق نظر در مورد علل افزایش کیسههای پلاستیکی در ایران، آسانی استفاده از این کیسهها(%56) و فقدان جایگزینهای مناسب (7/%53) بود. بیشترین اتفاق نظر در مورد بهترین راه حل کاهش مصرف کیسه پلاستیک، آموزش و فرهنگسازی(3/%51) و در دسترس بودن جایگزینهای مناسب(3/%45) و کمترین اتفاق نظر در مورد آن، بستهبندی مناسب(1/%0) و افزایش مالیات تولید و مصرف کیسه پلاستیک(5/%2) بود. اکثریت مردم تمایل به دریافت آموزش و نیز استفاده از کیسههای خرید جایگزین داشتند.در مجموع وضعیت نگرش افراد شرکت کننده در مطالعه خوب بود و در رفتارشان نیز منعکس میشد. اکثریت مراجعان به میادین میوه ترهبار( 1/%97) باآموزش به مردم برای مصرف بهتر کیسه پلاستیکی به عنوان بهترین راهکار تفاق نظر داشتند و پس از آن 1/96% با راهکار کاهش مصرف کیسه پلاستیک از طریق مدیریت بهتر توسط مسئولان موافق بودند.بحث و نتیجه گیری: آمادگی بالای افراد در کمک به حل معضل افزایش کیسه پلاستیک باید مورد توجه مدیران قرار گیرد. به نظر میرسد مردم هنوز آمادگی مناسبی برای اعمال مداخلات قانونی و اقتصادی برای کاهش مصرف کیسههای پلاستیکی ندارند و بیشتر برآموزش و دسترسی تاکید داشتند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Consumption of plastic bags, apart from environmental, health and social problems that it creates, leads to many economic consequences. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational status, attitude, preferences and behavior of those referring to Tehran Central Fruit and Vegetable Market about the use of plastic bags in Tehran.Material and Methodology: The study population of this descriptive cross-sectional study was 1220 men and women aged 18 years and older referring to Tehran Central Fruit and Vegetable Market in 22 districts of Tehran. Sampling method was stratified cluster sampling. Using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire, the research population was randomly selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Findings: The most common consensus about the reasons for the increase in plastic bags in Iran was the ease of use of these bags (56%) and the lack of suitable alternatives (53.7%). The most consensus about the best solution to reduce plastic bag consumption, education and culture (51.3%) and the availability of suitable alternatives (45.3%) and the least consensus about it, proper packaging (0.5%) and increase in production and consumption taxes on plastic bags (2.5%). The majority of people were inclined to receive training as well as to use alternative shopping bags. Overall, the attitude of the participants in the study was good and was reflected in their behavior. The majority of customers (97.1%) agreed that educating the people about the better consumption of plastic bags was the best solution of reducing the consumption of plastic bags followed by 96.1% who agreed with better management systems.Discussion and Conclusion: The high readiness of people to help solving the problem of increasing the plastic bag consumption should be taken into account by managers. It seems that people are not yet properly prepared to accept legal and economic interventions to reduce the consumption of plastic bags and have focused more on more education and easy access.
منابع و مأخذ:
Stevens E. 2001. Green Plastics: An Introduction to the New Science of Biodegradable Plastics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Tierney, J. 1996. “Anti-Recycling Myths: Commentary on ‘Recycling is Garbage’”. New York Times Magazine June 30.
The Bay Area Recycling Outreach Coalition, Bring Your Own Bag. 2008. Available from: http://igotmybag.org/home.htm.
MacDonald B. United Nations Environmental Program Archive of E-Articles. 2010. Available on; www.washingtonpost.com.
American Chemistry Council Economics & Statistics Department. 2013. Plastic Resins in the United States. Prepared for: American Chemistry Council Plastics Division. America’s Plastics MakersTM*.
Worldwatch Institute (2008). Plastic Bags: A Necessary Eyesore? Available from: http://igotmybag.org/home.htm
Kerppola M, Abdulrehman M, Bransky M, Putnam N, Ayinde S. 2013. Re: Plastic, Mechanical Engineering 589: Sustainable Design of Technology Systems. Final Design Review, December 16.
Chaffee C, Yaros BR. 2007. Life cycle assessment for three types of grocery bags—recyclable plastic; compostable, biodegradable plastic; and recycled, recyclable paper. Final report, Boustead Consulting and Associates Ltd.
Farahani M. 2014. The number of worker.Unpoblished report In: Managment of Fruit and Vegetable Market of Municipal in Tehran. (In persian)
Environmentand Sustainable DevelopmentStaffin Tehran Municipality. 2013.The Plastic pollutants century.Hadaf Economic Newspaper. Available from:www.Hadaf Economic.com. Accessed February. 20,2014. (In persian)
Sharma N, Kanwar P. 2007. Perception of Rural and Urban Homemakers Regarding Ban on Polythene Use in the State of Himachal Pradesh. J Hum Ecol. 22(4): 309-312.
Zero Waste Scotland and the Welsh Government. 2012. Behaviour study on the use and re-use of carrier bags 2012 .A review of shopper perceptions and usage of single use carrier bags, bags for life and other containers in Wales and Scotland.
Gupta K. 2011. Consumer responses to incentives to reduce plastic bag use: evidence from a field experiment in urban India: South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics. Available from:http://www.cdedse.org/ws2011/papers/kanupriya.pdf.
Bakhtari Aghdam F, Nooriasl H, Ghaffariasl R, Nooriasl F, Topchiyan A. 2014. Survey of the use of plastic bags and awareness of the environmental impact of their consumption consumption in Tabriz. The National Conference of specialized research environment Tabriz.
Temsamani M. 2014. inventorLightweight plastic carrier bags.
Zen IS, Ahamad R, Omar W. 2013. No plastic bag campaign day in Malaysia and the policy implication. Environment, development and sustainability. 15(5): p.1259-1269.
Sharp A, Høj S, Wheeler M. 2010. Proscription and its impact on anti‐consumption behaviour and attitudes: the case of plastic bags. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 9(6):4 p.70-84.
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Stevens E. 2001. Green Plastics: An Introduction to the New Science of Biodegradable Plastics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Tierney, J. 1996. “Anti-Recycling Myths: Commentary on ‘Recycling is Garbage’”. New York Times Magazine June 30.
The Bay Area Recycling Outreach Coalition, Bring Your Own Bag. 2008. Available from: http://igotmybag.org/home.htm.
MacDonald B. United Nations Environmental Program Archive of E-Articles. 2010. Available on; www.washingtonpost.com.
American Chemistry Council Economics & Statistics Department. 2013. Plastic Resins in the United States. Prepared for: American Chemistry Council Plastics Division. America’s Plastics MakersTM*.
Worldwatch Institute (2008). Plastic Bags: A Necessary Eyesore? Available from: http://igotmybag.org/home.htm
Kerppola M, Abdulrehman M, Bransky M, Putnam N, Ayinde S. 2013. Re: Plastic, Mechanical Engineering 589: Sustainable Design of Technology Systems. Final Design Review, December 16.
Chaffee C, Yaros BR. 2007. Life cycle assessment for three types of grocery bags—recyclable plastic; compostable, biodegradable plastic; and recycled, recyclable paper. Final report, Boustead Consulting and Associates Ltd.
Farahani M. 2014. The number of worker.Unpoblished report In: Managment of Fruit and Vegetable Market of Municipal in Tehran. (In persian)
Environmentand Sustainable DevelopmentStaffin Tehran Municipality. 2013.The Plastic pollutants century.Hadaf Economic Newspaper. Available from:www.Hadaf Economic.com. Accessed February. 20,2014. (In persian)
Sharma N, Kanwar P. 2007. Perception of Rural and Urban Homemakers Regarding Ban on Polythene Use in the State of Himachal Pradesh. J Hum Ecol. 22(4): 309-312.
Zero Waste Scotland and the Welsh Government. 2012. Behaviour study on the use and re-use of carrier bags 2012 .A review of shopper perceptions and usage of single use carrier bags, bags for life and other containers in Wales and Scotland.
Gupta K. 2011. Consumer responses to incentives to reduce plastic bag use: evidence from a field experiment in urban India: South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics. Available from:http://www.cdedse.org/ws2011/papers/kanupriya.pdf.
Bakhtari Aghdam F, Nooriasl H, Ghaffariasl R, Nooriasl F, Topchiyan A. 2014. Survey of the use of plastic bags and awareness of the environmental impact of their consumption consumption in Tabriz. The National Conference of specialized research environment Tabriz.
Temsamani M. 2014. inventorLightweight plastic carrier bags.
Zen IS, Ahamad R, Omar W. 2013. No plastic bag campaign day in Malaysia and the policy implication. Environment, development and sustainability. 15(5): p.1259-1269.
Sharp A, Høj S, Wheeler M. 2010. Proscription and its impact on anti‐consumption behaviour and attitudes: the case of plastic bags. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 9(6):4 p.70-84.