شناسایی مخاطرات و تجزیه و تحلیل علل ریشه ای حوادث ساختمانی با استفاده از تکنیک تلفیقیBow-tie_FMEA (مطالعه موردی: شرکت ابنیه فنی تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
تحلیل ریسک زیست محیطی
علیرضا مرادی
1
,
فاطمه رضویان
2
,
بهناز مرادی غیاث آبادی
3
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران غرب
2 - عضو هیات علمی گروه محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پرند
3 - عضو هیات علمی گروه محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دماوند
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/10/30
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/10/11
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/08/01
کلید واژه:
ارزیابی ریسک,
ریسک بحرانی,
اقدامات کنترلی و اصلاحی,
شناسایی مخاطرات,
شبه حوادث,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: صنعت ساختمان سازی یکی از پرمخاطره ترین صنایع شناخته شده است که به دلیل پیچیدگی ماهیت کار و شرایط ناایمن محیط کار، نرخ وقوع حوادث قابل توجه بالا می باشد. مطالعه حاضر شناسایی مخاطرات و تجزیه و تحلیل علل ریشه ای حوادث ساختمانی با استفاده از تکنیک تلفیقیBow-tie_FMEA
روش بررسی :در این پژوهش مخاطرات موجود در پروژه های ساختمانی شرکت ابنیه فنی تهران تحت عنوان خانه شهر و هلال با استفاده از چک لیست شناسایی شده و سپس با استفاده از تکنیک ارزیابی ریسکFMEA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت . همچنین از تکنیک نقاط بحرانی جهت شناسایی و تعیین ریسک های بحرانی در پروژه های ساختمانی مذکور استفاده شده و در آخرین مرحله هر یک از ریسک های بحرانی با استفاده از نرم افزار Bowtie Pro 3.3 به صورت دیاگرام های پاپیونی مدلسازی شدند.
یافته ها : نتایج مطالعات نشان دادند که پروژه ساختمانی خانه شهر از مجموع 14 ریسک ارزیابی شده دارای 7 ریسک بحرانی و پروژه ساختمانی هلال از مجموع 15 ریسک ارزیابی شده دارای 8 ریسک بحرانی می باشند که هر یک از آن ها مدلسازی شدند. همچنین ریسک واژگونی جرثقیل موبایل در پروژه ساختمانی خانه شهر و برخورد بار و سازه های فلزی-بتنی به تجهیزات، نفرات و کابل های برق فشار قوی در پروژه ساختمانی هلال به ترتیب با اعداد 420 و 490 از شاخص ترین ریسک های بحرانی بودند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری : می توان نتیجه گرفت که امکان استفاده تلفیقی تکنیک های ارزیابی ریسک و تکنیک های مدل سازی حوادث وجود داشته و می توان از Bow-tie نسبت به تعیین علل وقوع حوادث و پیامدهای احتمالی آن در صنعت عمران بهره برد. مشخص شد فاکتورهای شدت، احتمال و قابلیت کشف و در نهایت اعداد اولویت ریسک در پروژه ساختمانی هلال نسبت به پروژه ساختمانی خانه شهر بالاتر فلذا مخاطرات شناسایی شده ،خسارات و زیان های شناسایی شده، احتمال بروز حوادث و شبه حوادث در پروژه ساختمانی هلال نسبت به پروژه ساختمانی خانه شهر بیشتر است از دیدگاه فاکتور قابلیت کشف نیز، پروژه ساختمانی خانه شهر قابلیت شناسایی و کشف بهتری از مخاطرات و شرایط بالقوه خطر با استفاده از بازرسی ها و بازدیدهای روزانه و دوره ای دارد که احتمال بروز حوادث و شبه حوادث را به مراتب کاهش می دهد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Construction industry is known as one of most dangerous industries which incidents occurrence rate is high because of work nature complexity and also unsafe workplaces. Therefor construction jobs are categorized in most dangerous and most full of incident jobs in world.
Material and Methodology: In this article technical buildings company of Tehran construction projects known as Khaneh-Shahr and Helal existing hazards have been recognized using checklist and then evaluated and assessed using FMEA risk assessment method. Additionally, critical points technique in order to identify and determine construction projects critical risks has been used and also modeled in the form of bowtie using Bowtie Pro 3.3 software in last phase.
Findings: Results have shown that Khaneh-Shahr construction project has 7 critical risks from totally 14 assessed risks and also Helal construction project have 8 critical risks from totally 15 assessed risks which have been modeled separately. Furthur mobile crane reversal risk in Khaneh-Shahr construction project and metal-concrete structures crash with equipment, workers and high voltage electricity cables in Helal construction project with RPNs of 420 and 490 respectively, considered as most significant critical risks.
Discussion and Conclusion: It could be concluded there is posiibility to use risk assessment and incident modeling techniques in combined and analizing incident root causes and probable consequences in construction industries using Bowtie analysis method besides.
منابع و مأخذ:
Vatani Shoja, Javad, Saleti, Mahmood, Bahrampour, Abbas, Raei, Mehdi, Asadi, Mohammadi, Jafari Nadoushan, Reza, Khajeh, Hasan, Kamkar, Shahab, "Epidemiological Investigation of Accidents in Kerman Industrial Construction Workers" Journal of Knowledge and Health Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 32-36, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, 2010. (In Persian)
Jafari, Mohammad Jawad, Ghorari, Mehdi, Kalantari, Saba, Omidi, Leila, Ghafari, Mohtasham, Asadi ... Freddie, Gholamreza, "Assessment of Safety Impact Assessment on Safety Improvement at Workshops of a Building Company", Journal Improvement of Safety and Prevention of Injuries, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 257-264, 1393. (In Persian)
Sadeghi, Nasrin, Ghaderi, Fatemeh, "Safety of Building Workshops, Strengths, Existing Challenges and Necessities", Journal of Safety, Health, and Environment, Journal of Safety, Vol. 12, No. 53, 1394. (In Persian)
Building Magazine No. 61, Pages 1-132, 1395. (In Persian)
Salimi, Farshad, Salimi, Mitra, Danesh Kazemi, Niko, "Evaluation of the Impact of Phase 2 Architectural Plans on Decommissioning of Construction Projects", Third Annual Conference on Architectural, Urban and Urban Research, 1396. (In Persian)
Sultanzadeh, Ahmad, Mohammadfam, Iraj, Mahmoudi, Shahram, Alizadeh Sevari, Behrouz, Mohammadi Arati, Alireza, "The causal analysis and prediction of the intensity of industrial accidents in the construction industry using artificial neural network," Volume 4, No. 3, pp. 185-192, 1395. (In Persian)
Omidvari, Manouchehr, Rasouli Garmaroudi, Masoud, "Human error in work-related accidents in power industry using FTA integration and ultra-innovative algorithms", Journal of Health and Safety, Vol. 5, No. 3, Pages 1 - 12, 1394. (In Persian)
Nematollahi, Javad, Nasrabadi, Mahnaz, Ghiwi Qi, Saeed, "Analysis and Analysis of Ammunition Disorders in Work with Press Machines Using the Ishikawa and SCAT Combined Technique in a Car Company", Labor Health and Safety Journal, Volume 5, Number 4, Pages 23 - 36, 1394. (In Persian)
Farahi, Farhad, "Risk Assessment by Bow-tie Method", Faculty of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Science Research Center, 2014. (In Persian)
Heirani, Parisa, Baqaee, Ali, "Risk Assessment of Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines Based on Fuzzy Bow-Tet Method", Journal of Health and Safety, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 70-59, 1395. (In Persian)
Hola, B. & Szostak, M., Analysis of the development of accident situations in the construction industry, Journal of Procedia Engineering; 2014, 91, 429 – 434.
Yu, T. SI., Cheng, F. F. K., Tse, S. L. A., Wong T.W. Assessing the provision of occupational health services in the construction industry in Hong Kong. Journal of Occupational Medicine; 2002, 52 (7): 375 – 82.
Ebrahimzadeh, M., Halvati, G. H., Mortazavi, M., Soltani gerdfaramarzi, R., Assess the potential risks of shiraz refinery with failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), Journal of Occupational Medicine Specialist; 2011, 3: 16- 23. (In Persian)
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Stamatis, D. H., Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution, New York: ASQC Press; 1995.
Waterland, L. R., Venkatesh, S., Unnasch, S., Safety and Performance Assessment of Ethanol/diesel Blends (e-diesel), National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US; 2003.
Gargama, H., Chaturvedi, S. K., Criticality Assessment Models for Failur Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis Using Fuzzy Logic, IEEE Transactions on Reliability; 2011, 60: 102–110.
Cheng, Y., Hu, G., Wu, G.W., Development of a Risk-based Maintenance Strategy Using FMEA for a Continuous Catalytic Reforming Plant, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries; 2012, 25: 958-965.
Cicek, K., Celik, M., Application of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis to Main Engine Crankcase Explosion Failure On-board Ship, Safety Science; 2013, 51: 6–10.
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_||_
Vatani Shoja, Javad, Saleti, Mahmood, Bahrampour, Abbas, Raei, Mehdi, Asadi, Mohammadi, Jafari Nadoushan, Reza, Khajeh, Hasan, Kamkar, Shahab, "Epidemiological Investigation of Accidents in Kerman Industrial Construction Workers" Journal of Knowledge and Health Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 32-36, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, 2010. (In Persian)
Jafari, Mohammad Jawad, Ghorari, Mehdi, Kalantari, Saba, Omidi, Leila, Ghafari, Mohtasham, Asadi ... Freddie, Gholamreza, "Assessment of Safety Impact Assessment on Safety Improvement at Workshops of a Building Company", Journal Improvement of Safety and Prevention of Injuries, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 257-264, 1393. (In Persian)
Sadeghi, Nasrin, Ghaderi, Fatemeh, "Safety of Building Workshops, Strengths, Existing Challenges and Necessities", Journal of Safety, Health, and Environment, Journal of Safety, Vol. 12, No. 53, 1394. (In Persian)
Building Magazine No. 61, Pages 1-132, 1395. (In Persian)
Salimi, Farshad, Salimi, Mitra, Danesh Kazemi, Niko, "Evaluation of the Impact of Phase 2 Architectural Plans on Decommissioning of Construction Projects", Third Annual Conference on Architectural, Urban and Urban Research, 1396. (In Persian)
Sultanzadeh, Ahmad, Mohammadfam, Iraj, Mahmoudi, Shahram, Alizadeh Sevari, Behrouz, Mohammadi Arati, Alireza, "The causal analysis and prediction of the intensity of industrial accidents in the construction industry using artificial neural network," Volume 4, No. 3, pp. 185-192, 1395. (In Persian)
Omidvari, Manouchehr, Rasouli Garmaroudi, Masoud, "Human error in work-related accidents in power industry using FTA integration and ultra-innovative algorithms", Journal of Health and Safety, Vol. 5, No. 3, Pages 1 - 12, 1394. (In Persian)
Nematollahi, Javad, Nasrabadi, Mahnaz, Ghiwi Qi, Saeed, "Analysis and Analysis of Ammunition Disorders in Work with Press Machines Using the Ishikawa and SCAT Combined Technique in a Car Company", Labor Health and Safety Journal, Volume 5, Number 4, Pages 23 - 36, 1394. (In Persian)
Farahi, Farhad, "Risk Assessment by Bow-tie Method", Faculty of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Science Research Center, 2014. (In Persian)
Heirani, Parisa, Baqaee, Ali, "Risk Assessment of Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines Based on Fuzzy Bow-Tet Method", Journal of Health and Safety, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 70-59, 1395. (In Persian)
Hola, B. & Szostak, M., Analysis of the development of accident situations in the construction industry, Journal of Procedia Engineering; 2014, 91, 429 – 434.
Yu, T. SI., Cheng, F. F. K., Tse, S. L. A., Wong T.W. Assessing the provision of occupational health services in the construction industry in Hong Kong. Journal of Occupational Medicine; 2002, 52 (7): 375 – 82.
Ebrahimzadeh, M., Halvati, G. H., Mortazavi, M., Soltani gerdfaramarzi, R., Assess the potential risks of shiraz refinery with failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), Journal of Occupational Medicine Specialist; 2011, 3: 16- 23. (In Persian)
Rezaee, K., Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA). 2nd ed. Tehran: Iran's Cooperating Company with Atena Publication; 2005. (In Persian)
Gharachourloo, N., Risk Assessment and Management. Tabriz: Jahad Daneshgahi of Eastern Azerbaijan; 2005, (in Persian).
Stamatis, D. H., Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution, New York: ASQC Press; 1995.
Waterland, L. R., Venkatesh, S., Unnasch, S., Safety and Performance Assessment of Ethanol/diesel Blends (e-diesel), National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US; 2003.
Gargama, H., Chaturvedi, S. K., Criticality Assessment Models for Failur Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis Using Fuzzy Logic, IEEE Transactions on Reliability; 2011, 60: 102–110.
Cheng, Y., Hu, G., Wu, G.W., Development of a Risk-based Maintenance Strategy Using FMEA for a Continuous Catalytic Reforming Plant, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries; 2012, 25: 958-965.
Cicek, K., Celik, M., Application of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis to Main Engine Crankcase Explosion Failure On-board Ship, Safety Science; 2013, 51: 6–10.
Duijm, N. J., Safety-barrier diagrams as a safety management tool. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. 2009; 94(2):332-341.
