شناسایی مهمترین مولفه های محیط زیستی در طراحی مسکن اکولوژیک از دیدگاه خبرگان (نمونه مطالعاتی :جزیره مینو)
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
مرتضی ضامنی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی،گروه معماری، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران.)
سینا رزاقی اصل
2
(استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی. * (مسوول مکاتبات))
الهام پورمهابادیان
3
(استادیارگروه معماری و شهرسازی،واحد تهران مرکزی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/06/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/02/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/01
کلید واژه:
سازگاری زیست محیطی,
معماری سبز,
جزیره مینو,
سازگاری اقلیمی,
طراحی مسکن اکولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در حال حاضرافزایش جمعیت و ساخت و ساز به بهانه توسعه بویژه در مناطق اکولوژیکی موجب شده است که به منظور استحصال اراضی مسکونی با قطع درختان ، محیط زیست طبیعی دچار تخریب گردد .مسکنی که عموما در این مناطق ساخته می شود با اقلیم این مناطق سازگار نیست و با هدر رفت منابع انرژی و آلودگی محیط زیستی، سلامت محیط پیرامونی را به مخاطره انداخته است. این پژوهش سعی دارد به شناسایی مهمترین مولفه های محیط زیستی در طراحی مسکن اکولوژیک از دیدگاه خبرگان در جزیره مینو بپردازد.روش بررسی: در این پژوهش داده ها به روش کتابخانه ای و میدانی و براساس قضاوت خبرگان مبتنی بر روش گلوله برفی جمع آوری شده است و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه وتحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP داده های پژوهش بررسی شده است.یافته ها: براساس نتایج این پژوهش معیارهای اصلی طراحی مسکن اکولوژیک در جزیره مینو از دیدگاه خبرگان در سه گروه اصلی سازگاری زیست محیطی ،سازگاری اقلیمی و معماری سبز قابل دسته بندی است و مولفه های " طراحی طبیعت گرا و تأمین مطلوب سرانه فضای سبز"، "بهره مندی از نور کافی" و" بهره مندی از تهویه مطلوب" در میان همه مولفه ها از بیشترین اهمیت برخوردار استبحث و نتیجه گیری: با اولویت بندی مولفه های محیط زیستی در طراحی مسکن اکولوژیک در جزیره مینو توجه تصمیم گیران دولتی و جامعه محلی به ساخت مسکنی جلب می گردد که در عین توجه به اقلیم و کاهش مصرف انرژی های فسیلی، سازگار با محیط زیست باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Presently, the upsurge in population and construction under the pretext of development, particularly in ecological areas, has caused the natural environment to be devastated to achieve residential lands by cutting down trees. Housing usually built in these areas is not harmonious with the climate of these areas, and by wasting energy resources and environmental pollution, the health of the surrounding environment is threatened. This study tries to identify the most important environmental components in the design of ecological housing from the perspective of experts in Mino Island.Material and Methodology: In this study, data were collected by library and field study and based on the judgment of experts based on the snowball method, and using the AHP questionnaire and hierarchical analysis, the research data were reviewed.Findings: Based on the results of this study, the chief criteria of ecological housing design in Mino Island from the experts’ viewpoint can be classified into three main groups: environmental adaptation, climate adaptation, and green architecture. The components of “naturalistic design and optimal supply of green space per capita,” “benefit of sufficient light,” and “benefit of optimal ventilation” are the most important among all componentsDiscussion and Conclusion: By prioritizing the environmental components in the design of ecological housing in Mino Island, the attention of government decision makers and the local community is drawn to the construction of housing that is environmentally friendly while paying attention to climate and reducing fossil energy consumption.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Mestre, N. NBS. (2018). (no more, so much) Nature-Based Solutions: Metabolisms, urban ecosystems, and other canned nature In Arquitectura: Revista del Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Volume 375, pp. 46–51.
Batyr, Yu.G., Lopatchenko, I.M., Aliieva, P.I., Akhmedova, O.O., Ruban, A.V., Stankevych, S.V., Zelenin, Yu.A., Kanakova, A.Ye. (2021). Environmental protection and public environmental policy in the Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 11,pp.346-348.
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Samadyar, H., Samadyar, H. (2006). Factors affecting the control of noise pollution caused by transportation in urban pathways, In Proceedings 2nd Conference of Air Pollution and Its Effects on Health, 6th September, Tehran, Iran, pp. 1-6.
Mirtaheri, F., Samaei, Zh. & Kasmaei, Zh. (2014). monitor the status of noise pollution and assesment day and nighte on the shahid Hakim highway in tehran, Danesh-e-Entezami Quarterly, 2(5), PP.67-80. (In Persian)
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Nassar, U. A., El-Samaty. H. S. & Waseef, A.A. (2017). Water sensitive urban design: a sustainable design approach to reform open spaces in low-income residential rehabilitation projects in Egypt. Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, 2(3),pp. 123-148.
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S et al.. (1390). An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Promotion of Informal Settlements Based on Housing Components Minimum Comparative Study of Ahvaz and Tabriz Metropolises, Journal of Physical Development Planning, Third Year, No. 6, 10th consecutive, Summer, pp:64. (In Persian)
Kurochkina ,V .A .(2021). Urban water bodies as the basis for functioning of public spaces, E3S Web of Conferences 217 02004 ,pp2
Vander Ryn, S., & Cowan, S. (1396). Ecological Design Island Press Washington. DC Google Scholar.
Mahmoudi, M. (1391), Housing development compatible with sustainable development, University of Tehran Press, pp. 4. (In Persian)
Tansley, A. G. (1935). The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecology, 16(3), 284-307.
McIntosh, (2013). Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, Fourth edition
Haj Ghani, , Ahmadi, F. (1394). A Review of the Literature of Landscape Ecology, Landscape, 32 N, pp.61. (In Persian).
Baran, M., Yıldırım, M., & Yılmaz, A. (2011). Evaluation of ecological design strategies in traditional houses in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(6-7), pp.609-619.
Zohari, S.(2017). Comparative comparison of indigenous architectural components with ecological design principles and criteria,National Conference on Modern Knowledge and Technology in Engineering in the Technology Era, pp: 693. (In Persian)
Bitaraf, H., Habib, , Zabihi , H. (1397). Native ecological and ecological architecture principles in the design of residential complexes in Iran to improve their quality, Urban Management, No.52 Autumn 2018. pp:208. (In Persian)
Johns, D.(2019). History of Rewilding: Ideas and Practice. In Rewilding; Pettorelli, N., Durant, S.M., du Toit, J.T., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, pp. 12–33.
Vettorato, D. (2011). Bridging Urban Morphology and Energy Performance Analysis, In 47th ISOCARP Congress, pp. 97.
Beier, J., Thiede, S. & Herrmann, C. (2017). Energy flexibility of manufacturing systems for variable renewable energy supply integration: Real-time control method and simulation, Journal of Cleaner Production; 141, 661-648.
Notario, D., Suprata, F., Canti, M. & Karmawan, LU. (2021). Mitra: Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 5(1) ,pp. 197-201
Astafyeva ,O E. (2017) Features of the organization of an effective management system of resource saving and energy efficiency in various sectors of the economy. Vestnik universiteta 2 .197–201.
Ogorodnikov, I A. (2017). Construction of eco-houses in different countries. Energy and resource efficiency of low-rise residential buildings (Novosibirsk: Institute of Thermophysics named after S.S. Kutateladze of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) pp 71–100.
Kurochkina, V. A. (2021). The impact of long-term construction subjects and industrial areas on the geoecology of cities and development of depressed urban spaces, The Eurasian Scientific Journal 6.pp2-4.
Mestre, N. NBS. (2018). (no more, so much) Nature-Based Solutions: Metabolisms, urban ecosystems, and other canned nature In Arquitectura: Revista del Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Volume 375, pp. 46–51.
Batyr, Yu.G., Lopatchenko, I.M., Aliieva, P.I., Akhmedova, O.O., Ruban, A.V., Stankevych, S.V., Zelenin, Yu.A., Kanakova, A.Ye. (2021). Environmental protection and public environmental policy in the Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 11,pp.346-348.
Attmann, O. (1393). Translated by Fereshteh Sadeghi, Green Architecture "Advanced Materials and Technologies", Tehran: First and Last Publications, First Edition.pp89,91. (In Persian)
Kim, , Van den berg, M. (2010). Summary of night noise guidelines for Europe ,Noise and health, 12(47), pp61.
Samadyar, H., Samadyar, H. (2006). Factors affecting the control of noise pollution caused by transportation in urban pathways, In Proceedings 2nd Conference of Air Pollution and Its Effects on Health, 6th September, Tehran, Iran, pp. 1-6.
Mirtaheri, F., Samaei, Zh. & Kasmaei, Zh. (2014). monitor the status of noise pollution and assesment day and nighte on the shahid Hakim highway in tehran, Danesh-e-Entezami Quarterly, 2(5), PP.67-80. (In Persian)
Neira M., Prüss-Ustün,A. & Mudu, P. (2018). Reduce air Pollution to Beat NCDs from Recognition to Action, The Lancet, 392 (10154), 1178-79
Luckett, K. (2009). Green roof construction and maintenance. New York : McGraw-Hill.pp138.
Nassar, U. A., El-Samaty. H. S. & Waseef, A.A. (2017). Water sensitive urban design: a sustainable design approach to reform open spaces in low-income residential rehabilitation projects in Egypt. Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, 2(3),pp. 123-148.
