مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی معماری مساجد معاصر تبریز، بر پایه‌ معیارهای طراحیِ منتج از مفاهیم دینی

محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی

بهناز منتظر ¹ , جمال الدین سهیلی ²

1 - دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/02/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/11/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/12/01

کلید واژه: مؤلفه‌های معماری, مفاهیم دینی, شهر تبریز, مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی, مساجد معاصر,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: در طی تاریخ، مساجد همواره ابعاد مختلفی از کالبد، کارکرد و معنا را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. این 3 پارامتر، همچون لایه‌هایی بر روی یکدیگر قرارگرفته‌اند که فقدان هریک، می‌تواند بر کاراییِ مساجد معاصر، نسبت به کاراییِ الگوهای کهن، لطمه واردکند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و ارزیابی تطبیقی نمونه‌های معاصر، در راستای مدل مفهومی پژوهش، مبنی بر معیارهای تأثیرگذار بر الگوهای طراحی معماری به‌واسطه‌ی مفاهیم دینی در مساجد پرداخته است. روش بررسی: به منظور استخراج مولفه های معماری منتج از مفاهیم دینی، از روش گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی با روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی بهره گرفته شده است؛ تا بدین ترتیب، ارتباط مفاهیم دینی با پارامترهای معماریِ مؤثر در هر 3 بُعد مشخص گردد. در گام دوم، پس از تدوین مدل مفهومی پژوهش، به ارزیابی میدانی (سال 97) و امتیازبندیِ مؤلفه‌های معماری در جامعه نمونه (مساجد منتخب معاصر تبریز) که به کمک نمونه گیری هدف دار توسط متخصصان و خبرگان این حوزه انتخاب شده ، پرداخته شده است. یافته ها: مولفه های طراحی معماری مساجد در راستای مفاهیم دینی را می توان در 3 حیطه ی مولفه های کارکردی (ورودی شاخص، همجواری، مکان یابی و طراحی فضاهای مختلف)، مولفه های معنایی (خوانایی، تعلق به مکان و سلسله مراتب) و مولفه های کالبدی (جهت، توجه به نور و طراحی مناسب محراب، گنبد، مناره و صحن) طبقه بندی نمود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با ارزیابی میزان تاثیرپذیری مساجد معاصر تبریز در هر یک از سه بُعد، می توان دریافت که به زیرمولفه وجودِ "فضاهای مختلف" در بُعد کارکردی، زیرمولفه "تعلق به مکان" در بُعد معنایی و زیرمولفه "نور" در بُعد کالبدی بیشترین توجه شده است. همچنین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که معماری مساجد معاصر تبریز، از بُعد معناییِ الگوها، نسبت به 2 بُعد دیگر، بیشترین تبعیت را داشته‌اند. همچنین مسجد امام رضا(ع) دارای بیشترین تطابق با الگوها از منظر الگوهای طراحی معماریِ مبتنی بر مفاهیم دینی می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Throughout history, mosques have always provided different aspects of body, function and meaning. These three parameters are put together as layers that the lack of each can undermine the performance of contemporary mosques compared to the performance of ancient templates. In this regard, this study will examine and compare contemporary examples of architectural design patterns in line with the "conceptual model of research" based on "criteria influencing architectural design patterns through religious concepts" in mosques. Method: In order to extract the architectural components derived from religious concepts in all three dimensions, library and documentary studies were used to collect data through descriptive-analytical research method. And in the second step, after developing the conceptual model of the research, it payed to the field evaluation (in 1397) and scoring of the architectural components in the sample community (contemporary selected mosques in Tabriz) which were selected by purposeful sampling by experts in the field. Findings: Architectural design components of mosque in line with religious concepts can be divided into 3 functional components (special entrance, neighborhood, location and design of different spaces), semantic components (readability, sense of place and hierarchy) and physical components (orientation, attention to light, and proper design of the mihrab, dome, minaret, and courtyard). Discussion and Conclusion: By assessing the effectiveness of contemporary Tabriz mosques in each of the three dimensions, it can be concluded that the sub-component of "different spaces" in functional dimension, "sense of place" in semantic dimension, and "light" in physical aspect have been most emphasized. Also, the results show that the architecture of the contemporary mosques in Tabriz was more in line with the semantic dimension of the patterns than the other two dimensions. Also, Imam Reza Mosque (AS) has the most conformity with ancient patterns from the point of view of architectural design patterns based on religious concepts.  

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