تعیین پراکنش مکانی برخی عناصر سنگین خاک و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد گیاه سویا در منطقه ساری

محورهای موضوعی : فلزات سنگین

فاطمه تقوی قاسمخیلی ¹ , همت اله پیردشتی ² , مصطفی عمادی ³ , محمدعلی تاجیک قنبری ⁴

1 - دانش آموخته دکتری رشته زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری.
2 - استاد، گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری . *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری.
4 - دانشیار گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری.

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/02/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/07/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/11/01

کلید واژه: اجزای عملکرد, عناصر سنگین, پراکنش مکانی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: آلودگی خاک به عناصر سنگین به‌عنوان یکی از عوارض مهم به‌هم خوردن تعادل و توازن طبیعت، در چند دهه گذشته مورد توجه پژوهشگران زیادی قرار گرفته است. لذا، این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی احتمال آلودگی برخی عناصر سنگین در خاک محدوده کارخانه ام دی اف سازی واقع در شهرستان ساری و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد گیاه سویا انجام انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: این پژوهش در تابستان 1393 در یک مزرعه سویا با وسعت 3600 متر مربع در مجاورت کارخانه ام‌دی‌اف‌سازی (آرین سینا) شهرستان ساری انجام شد. برای این منظور، در منطقه‌ای به وسعت 3600 متر مربع، 32 نمونه خاک از 16 نقطه (عمق 15-0 و 30-15 سانتی‌متر) و 48 نمونه‌ گیاهی جمع‌آوری شد. پس از انتقال نمونه‌ها به آزمایشگاه مقادیر قابل جذب عناصر سنگین خاک اندازه‌گیری گردید. همبستگی بین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد با مقادیر عناصر سنگین نیز صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها: با توجه به نقشه پراکنش عناصر و رگرسیون گام به گام، مشخص شد عنصر کادمیوم تأثیر معنی‌داری بر افزایش تعداد غلاف پوک در بوته داشت به‌گونه‌ای که با افزایش هر واحد کادمیوم، تعداد غلاف پوک در بوته به‌میزان 5/0 عدد در هر واحد افزایش یافت. همچنین برهمکنش معنی داری بین دو عنصر کادمیوم و آهن در کاهش وزن هزار دانه مشاهده شد. بر همین اساس، بیشترین وزن هزار دانه (131 گرم) در نقاطی با کمترین غلظت کادمیوم و آهن مشاهده شد. همچنین با روی‌هم اندازی نقشه پراکنش عنصر روی و تعداد دانه پوک در بوته مشخص گردید که این صفت بیشتر تحت کنترل عنصر روی قرار دارد، به‌طوریکه با افزایش هر واحد روی در خاک، تعداد دانه پوک در بوته 53/0 واحد افزایش نشان داد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، با تعیین نقشه پراکنش عناصر سنگین و تطبیق آن با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه می‌توان به شناسایی مناطق آلوده و عوامل مؤثر در کنترل و گسترش فلزات سنگین در خاک‌ها و بررسی اثرات آن‌ها بر عملکرد گیاه پرداخت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: This study aimed to investigate the possibility of heavy metals contamination in the soil next to MDF factory located in Sari, Mazandaran province, Iran and their effects on soybean yield. Material and Methodology: Accordingly, in an area of 3600 square meters 32 soil samples from 16 points (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and 48 plant samples were collected. After transferring the samples to the laboratory, absorption of heavy metals in the soil was measured. Also, the correlation between the yield and yield components with heavy metals were determined. Findings: Distribution map of heavy metals and stepwise regression results showed that the cadmium significantly affected the number of unfilled pods per plant. When Cd increased, the number of unfilled pod increased as the rate of 0.5 per unit. In addition, a significant interaction existed between cadmium and iron for the 1000 grain weight. Accordingly, the maximum 1000 grain weight (131 g) was observed at the areas with the lowest concentration of cadmium and iron. Also, overlapping of distribution map of Zn and the number of unfilled grain per plant indicated that this parameter mainly controlled by Zn. Hence, the number of unfilled grain per plant increased as the rate of 0.53 per unit of Zn in the soil. Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, determining distribution map of heavy elements and overlapping with the yield and yield components not only help to identify contaminated areas and effective factors on spread of heavy metals into the soils but also help to evaluate their consequence effects on plant performance.

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