تأثیر عوامل فیزیوگرافی بر تراکم، تاج پوشش و تولید گونه دارویی Ferula orientalis (مطالعه موردی: دره شهدای ارومیه)
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی
معصومه عباسی خالکی
1
,
اردوان قربانی
2
,
سحر صمدی خانقاه
3
,
رحمان رحیم دخت
4
1 - دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 - استاد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی* (مسئول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
4 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
کلید واژه: گیاه دارویی, پوشش گیاهی, عوامل فیزیوگرافی, Ferula orientalis,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پوشش گیاهی اصلی ترین جزء همه اکوسیستم های طبیعی از جمله مراتع است که گسترش آن‌ها تا حدود زیادی تحت کنترل عوامل محیطی بوده و عوامل اکولوژیکی همچون اقلیمی، خاکی، پستی و بلندی و زیستی در حضور و خصوصیات آن ها مؤثر می‌باشند. این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر عوامل فیزیوگرافی بر تراکم، تاج پوشش و تولید گونه دارویی Ferula orientalis در دره شهدای ارومیه انجام یافته است. روش بررسی: با توجه به وضعیت موجود در منطقه، سه طبقه ارتفاعی و سه طبقه جهت و هفت طبقه شیب انتخاب شد. همچنین در منطقه مورد مطالعه 8 سایت تعیین گردید که در هر سایت 3 ترانسکت به طول 100 متر به‌صورت سیستماتیک- تصادفی و در امتداد هر ترانسکت 5 پلات برداشت و پارامترهای مدنظر ثبت شد. برای بررسی اختلاف پارامترهای مورد مطالعه با عوامل فیزیوگرافی از تجزیه واریانس و برای مقایسه میانگین صفات از روش آزمون چند دامنه ای دانکن استفاده شد. یافته ها: بیشترین تراکم گونه مورد مطالعه در طبقه ارتفاعی 2300-1700 متری با 7500 پایه در هکتار مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین سطح گسترش گونه مربوط به طبقه شیب بیش از 70 % با مساحت 97 هکتار بوده و بیشترین سطح در مورد جهت جغرافیایی نیز متعلق به جهت شرقی با 3/148 هکتار می باشد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از این مطالعه و با فرض این که سایر عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر پارامترهای پوشش گیاهی یکسان باشند، می توان گفت که سه عامل ارتفاع، جهت و شیب بر تراکم، تاج پوشش و تولید گونه F. orientalisبه طور معنی داری مؤثر بوده اند. به طورکلی بیشترین میزان تراکم، تاج پوشش و تولید در طبقه ارتفاعی 2300-1700 متر و در شیب بالاتر از 70 % و در جهت شرقی بوده است.
Background and Objective: Plants are the major component of natural ecosystems including the rangelands which extend all they largely controlled by environmental factors and ecological, climate, soil, topography and biological properties are effective on their presence and traits. This study was performed in the Shohada valley of Urmia in order to evaluate the effect of physiographic factors on density, canopy cover and production of Ferula Orientalis. Methods: According to the current situation in the region, three height floors, three direction floors and seven slope floors were selected. Also, 8 sites were identified in the study area. In each site, 3 transects with a length of 100 meters were systematically-randomly plotted along each transect and 5 parameters were recorded. Analysis of variance was used to investigate the differences between the studied parameters and physiographic factors and Duncan's multiple range tests was used to compare the mean of the traits. Findings: Most density of studied species was observed in the 1700-2300 meters height class with 7,500 individuals per hectare. Also, the highest level of the species extends belong to slope of more than 70 percent with an area of 97 ha. The highest level of the aspect is related to East with 3/148 ha. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that the elevation, slope and aspect significantly have been effective on density, canopy cover and production of Ferula Orientalis. Generally the results showed that the highest density, canopy cover and production belonged to 1700-2300 meters altitude and on the slope above 70% and in the east aspect.
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15. Andrieu, N., Josein, E., Duru, M., 2007. Relationships between diversity between diversity of grassland vegetation, field characteristics and land use management. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, Vol. 120, pp. 359-369.
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landscape. Plant Ecology, Vol. 164, pp. 171-183.
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23. Cimalova, S., Lososova, Z., 2009. Arable weed vegetation of the northeastern part of the Czech Republic: effects of environmental factors on species composition. Plant Ecology, Vol. 203, pp. 45-57.
24. Kazemi, S.E., Shahmoradi, A.A., Padyab, M., Shafiee, A., Ghasemi Aryan, Y., 2011. Autecology of Dorema aucheri in Rangeland Ecosystems of Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad Province. Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research, Vol. 17, pp. 564-574. (Persian)
25. Ghorbani, A., Asghari, A., 2014. Study the influence of ecological factors on Festuca ovina distribution in southeast rangelands of Sabalan. Journal of Range and Desert Research, Vol. 21(2), pp 368-381. (Persian)
26. Hund, K.C., 2002. The effects of slope aspect on environmental conditions and vegetation (slope aspect study). California State Science Fair, pp. 219.
27. Gallardo-Cruz, J.A., Pérez-García, E.A., Meave, J.A., 2009. Diversity and vegetation structure as influenced by slope aspect and altitude in a seasonally dry tropical landscape. Landscape Ecology, Vol. 24, pp. 473-482.
28. Sharifi yazdi, M., Shahmoradi, A., Zarekia, S., Khodashenas, M., 2009. Autecology of Ferula oopoda (Boiss & Buhse). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, Vol. 15, pp. 447-454. (Persian)
31. Zhang, J.T., Dong, Y., 2010. Factors affecting species diversity of plant communities and the restoration process in the loess area of China. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 36, pp. 345–350.
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1. Moghaddam, M., 2001. Vegetation ecology and descriptive statistics. Tehran university press, 285 p. (Persian)
2. Zho, M., Hastie, T.J., Walther, G., 2005. Constrained ordination analysis with flexible response function, Ecological Modeling, Vol. 187, pp. 524-536.
3. Sabeti, H.A. 1975. Relation between plant and environment (synecology). Dehkhoda press, 492 p. (Persian)
5. Behbahani, N., Fallah Shamsi, S.R., Farzadmehr. J., Erfanifard, S.Y., Ramazani Gask, M., 2009. Using vegetation indices of ASTER-L1B imagery to estimate single trees crown cover in arid rangelands, Case study: Tag-Ahmadshahi, Southern of Khorassan. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, Vol. 4(1), pp 93-103. (Persian)
6. Taghipour, A., Rastegar, Sh., 2010. Role of physiography on vegetation cover using GIS (Case of Hezarjarib's rangelands, Mazandaran province). Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 4(2):168-177. (Persian)
7. Shokrollahi, SH., Moradi, H.R., Dianati Tilaki, Gh.A., 2012. Effects of soil properties and physiographic factors on vegetation cover (Case study: Polur Summer Rangelands), Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, Vol. 19 (4), pp 655-688. (Persian)
8. Ghorbani, A., Abbasi Khalaki, M., Asghari, A., Omidi, A., Zarehesari, B., 2015. Comparing environmental factors on distribution of Artemisia fragrans and Artemisia austriaca in southeastern rangelands of Sabalan. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, Vol. 9(2), pp. 129-141. (Persian)
9. Guoqing, L., Xiaoan, W., Hua, G., Zhihong, Z., 2008. Effects of ecological factors on plant communities of Ziwuling Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China. Journal of Acta Ecologica Sinica, Vol. 28(6), pp. 2463-2471.
10. Nunes, G., Santos, S., 2012. Environmental factors effecting the distribution of land snails in the Atlantic rain forest of Ilha Grande. Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, Vol. 72(1), pp. 79-86.
11. Jahantab, E., Sepehri, A., Mesdaghi, M., Bagheri, A., 2014. Determine of Impacts factors on limitation of distribution species Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. in Kohgiluyeh. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, Vol. 22, pp. 293-302. (Persian)
12. Saeedi Goraghani, H. R., Solaimani Sardo. M., Azizi, N., Azareh, A., Heshmati, S., 2014. Investigation of Changes in Rangeland Vegetation Regarding Different Slopes, Elevation and Geographical Aspects (Case Study: Yazi Rangeland, Noor County, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, PP. 246-255. (Persian)
13. Mozaffarian, V. 2007. Umbelliferae. In: Flora of Iran. (Assadi M, Khatamsaz M, Maasoumi AA, eds). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 54, 596p. (Persian)
14. Ghadimi, M., Bakhshi, J., 2013. The effective soil factors in the distribution of vegetative types in Mighan playa (Iran) Variables. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 3(5), pp. 199-204. (Persian)
15. Andrieu, N., Josein, E., Duru, M., 2007. Relationships between diversity between diversity of grassland vegetation, field characteristics and land use management. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, Vol. 120, pp. 359-369.
16. Banai, M.H. 1998. Wetland and Thermal Soil Moisture Map of Iran, 1: 250000. Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Development Research Organization. (Persian)
17. Meteorological Office of West Azerbaijan Province, "Summary of Meteorological Data of Valley of Urmia Martyrs", 2011. (Persian)
18. Ghorbani, A. Samadi Khangah, S. Moameri, M. Esfanjani, J. 2020. Predicting the Distribution of Leucanthemum Vulgare Lam. Using Logistic Regression in Fandoghlou Rangelands of Ardabil Province, Iran. Journal of Rangeland Science, Vol. 10, pp. 98-111.
19. Nodehi, N., Akbarlou, M., 2017. Investigation of species diversity in medicinal plants of Asadli-Pelmiss summer rangelands in North Khorasan province, Journal Environment Science Technology, Vol. 19, pp 537-545. (Persian)
20. Moradi, H., Ahmadipour, S., 2006. Investigation the role of morphology and soil on plant
vegetation using GIS in Vas sub watershed basin. Geographical Researches Journal, Vol. 58, pp. 17- 32.
21. Layon, J., Sagers, L., 2002. Correspondence analysis functional groups in a riparian
landscape. Plant Ecology, Vol. 164, pp. 171-183.
22. Moradi, H., Tahmasbi, R., Erfanzadeh, R., 2004. Studying the relation among vegetation
cover, soil and geomorphologic units in ranges of Kasilian. Journal of Vegetation Science, Vol. 4, pp. 213-222.
23. Cimalova, S., Lososova, Z., 2009. Arable weed vegetation of the northeastern part of the Czech Republic: effects of environmental factors on species composition. Plant Ecology, Vol. 203, pp. 45-57.
24. Kazemi, S.E., Shahmoradi, A.A., Padyab, M., Shafiee, A., Ghasemi Aryan, Y., 2011. Autecology of Dorema aucheri in Rangeland Ecosystems of Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad Province. Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research, Vol. 17, pp. 564-574. (Persian)
25. Ghorbani, A., Asghari, A., 2014. Study the influence of ecological factors on Festuca ovina distribution in southeast rangelands of Sabalan. Journal of Range and Desert Research, Vol. 21(2), pp 368-381. (Persian)
26. Hund, K.C., 2002. The effects of slope aspect on environmental conditions and vegetation (slope aspect study). California State Science Fair, pp. 219.
27. Gallardo-Cruz, J.A., Pérez-García, E.A., Meave, J.A., 2009. Diversity and vegetation structure as influenced by slope aspect and altitude in a seasonally dry tropical landscape. Landscape Ecology, Vol. 24, pp. 473-482.
28. Sharifi yazdi, M., Shahmoradi, A., Zarekia, S., Khodashenas, M., 2009. Autecology of Ferula oopoda (Boiss & Buhse). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, Vol. 15, pp. 447-454. (Persian)
31. Zhang, J.T., Dong, Y., 2010. Factors affecting species diversity of plant communities and the restoration process in the loess area of China. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 36, pp. 345–350.