تحلیل رویکرد نظری مدیریت سوانح طبیعی در ایران با استفاده از روش فراتحلیل
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت بلایای طبیعی
مهدی نوجوان
1
,
اسماعیل صالحی
2
,
بابک امیدوار
3
,
شهرزاد فریادی
4
1 - دکتری برنامه‌ریزی محیط زیست- مدیریت در سوانح طبیعی، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران.*(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران.
3 - دانشیار دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران.
4 - دانشیار دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/23
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/20
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01
کلید واژه:
مدیریت سوانح,
رویکرد جامعه محور,
رویکرد فیزیکی,
فراتحلیل,
رویکرد نهادی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: رشد جمعیت و توسعه شهری برنامه ریزی نشده منجر به افزایش احتمال خطر سوانح در نواحی شهری گردیده است. دستیابی به شناخت و راه های مقابله با سوانح، به مرور توجه ساکنان و محققان را به مدیریت سوانح طبیعی جلب نموده است. تعدد و تنوع مقالات علمی منتشر شده در زمینه سوانح طبیعی، یکی از نشانه های قابل اتکا برای نمایش گرایش محققان به این موضوع است. هدف از این تحقیق، ، فراتحلیل مقالات منتشر شده در مجلات علمی پژوهشی و فارسی زبان می باشد.
روش بررسی: به منظور فراتحلیل رویکرد نظری مدیریت سوانح طبیعی در کشور، ابتدا 29 مجله شناسایی شد. سپس 454 مقاله از این مجلات جهت فراتحلیل انتخاب شدند که این مقالات از سال 1381 تا 1395 منتشر شده اند. در نهایت برای مطالعه مقالات و استخراج تحلیل ها، با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان و خبرگان شاخص های مطالعه مشتمل بر روش تحقیق، نمونه گیری و رویکرد و مدل برنامه ریزی مشخص گردید.
یافته ها: پراکندگی مطالعات نشان داد که استان های تهران، خراسان رضوی و آذربایجان شرقی بیشتر مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته اند. نتایج نشان داد رویکرد فیزیکی به عنوان رویکرد غالب در پژوهش های انجام شده می باشد که نقطه ضعف این تحقیقات است. عدم رعایت اصول روش علمی تحقیق مانند فقدان نمونه گیری و ابزار پایایی و روایی از ضعف های دیگر مطالعات صورت گرفته می باشد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به رویکرد غالب در مطالعات انجام شده، استفاده از رویکرد جامعه محور و نهادی در پژوهش های آینده توصیه می گردد. از طرفی سیاست مجلات علمی پژوهشی در جذب مقالات کاربردی، باعث تجمع این گونه از مقالات در این نشریات است. لذا پیشنهاد می شود با توجه به اهمیت موضوع شاخص سازی در زمینه مدیریت سوانح، مجلات علمی پژوهشی توجه ویژه ای به مقالات نظری در این زمینه داشته باشند تا امکان ارایه مقالات بیشتر در این مورد فراهم شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and objective: Population growth and unplanned urban development has led to increase the risk of disaster in urban areas. Achievement to knowledge and ways to deal with disasters, have attracted attention of residents and researchers to natural disaster management. The number and variety of published scientific papers in the field of natural disasters is one of the reliable proofs for showing the trend of researchers to this field. The objective of this research is meta-analyzing the published papers in Persian scientific journals.
Material and Methodogy: For meta-analyzing of theoretical approach of Natural Disaster Management in Iran, initially 29 journals are selected. Then 454 papers are selected among these journals. These papers have been published from 2002 to 2016. Finally, for analyzing the papers, the analyzing criteria such as research methodology, sampling method and planning model and approach are determined using the expert’s opinion.
Findings: The map of studies distribution showed that Tehran, Khorasan-e-Razavi, and Azerbaijan-e-sharghi provinces have been considered in a lot of papers. Results showed that physical approach is the dominant approach in the studies which is a weakness in papers. Also disregarding the scientific principle of research methodology such as absence of sampling, reliability, and validity is the other weakness of studies.
Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the dominant approach in the previous studies, studying and using the community-based and organizational approaches in the future researches is proposed. The policies of scientific journals in publishing applied papers is led to aggregation of these papers in the journals. So it is proposed due to importance of theoretical and fundamental studies and identifying indicators in the field of disaster management, scientific journals would have special attention to theoretical papers in this context and providing the condition to presentation of more theoretical and fundamental papers in this subject.
منابع و مأخذ:
Dutta‚ V. (2012). War on the Dream‚ How Land use Dynamics and Peri-urban Growth Characteristics of a Sprawling City Devour the Master Plan and Urban Suitability‚ A Fuzzy Multi criteria Decision Making Approach‚ proceeded in 13th Global Development Conference “Urbanization and Development: Delving Deeper into the Nexus” ‚ Budapest‚ Hungary.
Jha, K.‚ Miner‚ W. and Geddes‚ S. (2012). Building urban resilience: principles, tools, and practice. The world Bank‚ pp 155.
León‚ J. and March‚ A. (2014). Urban morphology as a tool for supporting tsunami rapid resilience: A case study of Talcahuano, Chile. Habitat International‚ Vol 43: 250–262.
UN/ISDR. (2009). UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction‚ UNISDR press‚ Geneva‚ PP.30.
Rabie, A. and PoorHoseini, S.S. (2015). Crisis management (concepts, patterns and methods of planning in natural crisis). Tisa, Tehran. (In Persian)
Memarzadeh, G.R. and Sarfarazi, M. (2010). Review the steps of crisis management process in the organization. Journal of Crisis Management, 51: 9-76. (In Persian)
EM-DAT (2014). The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Bryson, J.M., 2001. Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations, Tranlated by Monavarian, A. State Management Training Center, Tehran. (In Persian)
Doyle, I. H. (2003). Synthesis through Meta-ethnography: paradoxes, Enhancements, and Possibilities. Qualitative Research, 3: 321-345.
Randolph, J (2009). A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 14 (13): 1-13. Available online: http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=14&n=13.
Raphael, B. (1986). When Disaster Strikes, London: Hutchinson.
Torry, W. I. (1979). Hazards, hazes and holes: a critique of The Environment as Hazard and general reflections on disaster research. Canadian Geographer, 23: 368-383.
Emel, J. and Peet, R. (1989). Resource management and natural hazards. In Peet, R. and Thrift, N. (eds) New Models in Geography, 1: 49-76. Unwin and Hyman, London.
Waddell, E. (1983). Coping with frosts, governments and disaster experts: some reflections based on a New Guinea experience and a perusal of the relevant literature. In Hewitt, K. (ed.) Interpretations on Calamity, pp. 33-43. Allen and Uwin, Boston and London.
Cutter, S. L., Mitchell, J.T. and Scott, M.S. (2000). Revealing the vulnerability of people and places: A case study of Georgetown County, South Carolina. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, No. 90.
Adger, W. N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global environmental change 16.
McEntire, D., Crocker, C. G. and Peters, E. (2010). Addressing vulnerability through an integrated approach. Disaster Resielence in the Built Environment, 1 (1): 50-64.
Mayunga, J. S. (2007). Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: A capital-based approach. A Draft Working Paper Prepared for the Summer Academy for Social Vulnerability and Resilience Building, Munich.
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. (2005). world conference on disaster reduction. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. http://www.unisdr.org/wcdr
(2006). Reducing the Risk of Disasters- Helping to Achieve Sustainable Poverty Reduction in a Vulnerable World: A DFID policy paper, Department for International Development.
Nathan, M. (2000). The Paradoxical Nature of Crisis, Review of Business, 21 (3): 12-16.
Seeger, M., Wayne, S., Lester, U. and Robert, R. (2003). Communication and Organizational Crisis, Westport, Greenwood Publishing Group.
March, G. (2001). Community: the concept of community in the risk and emergency management context. Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Vol 16 (1): 5-7.
Abarquez, I. and Murshed, Z. (2004). Community-Based Disaster Risk Management: field practitioners. Handbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Thailand.
Wilimott, P. (1989). Community Initiatives Patterns and Prospects. Policy Studies Institute, London.
Ghazi Tabatabaie, M. and AbuAli, V. (2011). The applications of meta- analysis in social behavioral researches. Jameshenasan Publishers, Tehran. (In Persian)
V. (2010). The Meta-Combination of Qualitative Analysis and Cultural Studies: Reality or Illusion. Journal of BARG-E FARHANG, 22: 24-45. (In Persian)
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Dutta‚ V. (2012). War on the Dream‚ How Land use Dynamics and Peri-urban Growth Characteristics of a Sprawling City Devour the Master Plan and Urban Suitability‚ A Fuzzy Multi criteria Decision Making Approach‚ proceeded in 13th Global Development Conference “Urbanization and Development: Delving Deeper into the Nexus” ‚ Budapest‚ Hungary.
Jha, K.‚ Miner‚ W. and Geddes‚ S. (2012). Building urban resilience: principles, tools, and practice. The world Bank‚ pp 155.
León‚ J. and March‚ A. (2014). Urban morphology as a tool for supporting tsunami rapid resilience: A case study of Talcahuano, Chile. Habitat International‚ Vol 43: 250–262.
UN/ISDR. (2009). UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction‚ UNISDR press‚ Geneva‚ PP.30.
Rabie, A. and PoorHoseini, S.S. (2015). Crisis management (concepts, patterns and methods of planning in natural crisis). Tisa, Tehran. (In Persian)
Memarzadeh, G.R. and Sarfarazi, M. (2010). Review the steps of crisis management process in the organization. Journal of Crisis Management, 51: 9-76. (In Persian)
EM-DAT (2014). The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Bryson, J.M., 2001. Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations, Tranlated by Monavarian, A. State Management Training Center, Tehran. (In Persian)
Doyle, I. H. (2003). Synthesis through Meta-ethnography: paradoxes, Enhancements, and Possibilities. Qualitative Research, 3: 321-345.
Randolph, J (2009). A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 14 (13): 1-13. Available online: http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=14&n=13.
Raphael, B. (1986). When Disaster Strikes, London: Hutchinson.
Torry, W. I. (1979). Hazards, hazes and holes: a critique of The Environment as Hazard and general reflections on disaster research. Canadian Geographer, 23: 368-383.
Emel, J. and Peet, R. (1989). Resource management and natural hazards. In Peet, R. and Thrift, N. (eds) New Models in Geography, 1: 49-76. Unwin and Hyman, London.
Waddell, E. (1983). Coping with frosts, governments and disaster experts: some reflections based on a New Guinea experience and a perusal of the relevant literature. In Hewitt, K. (ed.) Interpretations on Calamity, pp. 33-43. Allen and Uwin, Boston and London.
Cutter, S. L., Mitchell, J.T. and Scott, M.S. (2000). Revealing the vulnerability of people and places: A case study of Georgetown County, South Carolina. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, No. 90.
Adger, W. N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global environmental change 16.
McEntire, D., Crocker, C. G. and Peters, E. (2010). Addressing vulnerability through an integrated approach. Disaster Resielence in the Built Environment, 1 (1): 50-64.
Mayunga, J. S. (2007). Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: A capital-based approach. A Draft Working Paper Prepared for the Summer Academy for Social Vulnerability and Resilience Building, Munich.
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. (2005). world conference on disaster reduction. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. http://www.unisdr.org/wcdr
(2006). Reducing the Risk of Disasters- Helping to Achieve Sustainable Poverty Reduction in a Vulnerable World: A DFID policy paper, Department for International Development.
Nathan, M. (2000). The Paradoxical Nature of Crisis, Review of Business, 21 (3): 12-16.
Seeger, M., Wayne, S., Lester, U. and Robert, R. (2003). Communication and Organizational Crisis, Westport, Greenwood Publishing Group.
March, G. (2001). Community: the concept of community in the risk and emergency management context. Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Vol 16 (1): 5-7.
Abarquez, I. and Murshed, Z. (2004). Community-Based Disaster Risk Management: field practitioners. Handbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Thailand.
Wilimott, P. (1989). Community Initiatives Patterns and Prospects. Policy Studies Institute, London.
Ghazi Tabatabaie, M. and AbuAli, V. (2011). The applications of meta- analysis in social behavioral researches. Jameshenasan Publishers, Tehran. (In Persian)
V. (2010). The Meta-Combination of Qualitative Analysis and Cultural Studies: Reality or Illusion. Journal of BARG-E FARHANG, 22: 24-45. (In Persian)
