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  • اثرتبدیل اراضی مرتعی به اراضی کشاورزی بربرخی ویژگی های شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک (مطالعه موردی:روستای گنبد شهرستان همدان)

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کد مقاله : JEST-1712-4032 (R2) بازدید : 90 صفحه: 135 - 146

10.22034/jest.2019.32372.4032

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

اثرتبدیل اراضی مرتعی به اراضی کشاورزی بربرخی ویژگی های شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک (مطالعه موردی:روستای گنبد شهرستان همدان)

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی

داوود اخضری 1 (دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، گروه مهندسی طبیعت دانشگاه ملایر، ایران* (مسوول مکاتبات).)
سجاد احمدی 2 (کارشناسی ارشد مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، گروه مهندسی طبیعت دانشگاه ملایر، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/09/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/10/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/08/01

کلید واژه: کاربری اراضی, هدایت الکتریکی, مرتع, بافت خاک, اسیدیته,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده زمینه و هدف: تخریب اراضی ناشی از تغییر کاربری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، کاربری پایدار اراضی را با تهدید جدی مواجه کرده است. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی مرتعی به کشاورزی بر روی خصوصیات فیزیکی-شیمیایی خاک در منطقه گنبد همدان انجام شد. روش بررسی: با توجه به نوع تغییر کاربری اراضی از هر کاربری 6 نمونه خاک از لایه سطحی خاک تهیه شد. پس از برداشت نمونه های خاک و آماده سازی نمونه ها، برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی-شیمیایی خاک شامل اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، سیلت، رس، شن، ازت، پتاسیم، سدیم، ماده آلی، کلسیم و منیزیم اندازه گیری شدند. در این تحقیق، بافت خاک به روش هیدرومتری بایکاس، اسیدیته و هدایت الکتریکی به ترتیب با دستگاه های pH متر و EC متر، ماده آلی به روش والکلی- بلک، کلسیم و منیزیم به روش تیتراسیون، سدیم و پتاسیم با استفاده از فلم فوتومتر و ازت به روش کجلدال اندازه گیری شدند. یافته ها: پس از انجام تجزیه و تحلیل های آماری مشخص شد که تغییر کاربری اراضی مرتعی به کشاورزی موجب کاهش معنی دار اسیدیته و پتاسیم در سطح 5 درصد و ماده آلی در سطح 1 درصد شده است. مقدار میانگین ازت در کاربری کشاورزی 18/0 درصد و در کاربری مرتعی 09/0 درصد می باشد (01/0p<). در مقادیر اجزای بافت خاک، هدایت الکتریکی، سدیم و کلسیم و منیزیم با تغییر کاربری اراضی اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده نشد. البته مقادیر سیلت، سدیم، کلسیم و منیزیم در کاربری مرتعی بیش‌تر از کاربری اراضی مرتعی تبدیل شده به کشاورزی می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: تغییر کاربری اراضی سبب ایجاد تغییر در خصوصیات شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک می گردد. یکی از تغییرات ایجاد شده، فرسایش انتخابی خاک و تغییر بافت خاک بوده است. لذا ضرورت توجه و اهمیت بیش‌تر در تغییر کابری و تدوین برنامه های مدیریتی کاربری اراضی و اصلاح کاربری با توجه به قابلیت های منطقه مورد مطالعه احساس می گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Destruction of land due to land use change in arid and semi-arid areas has endangered sustainable land use. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of rangeland use change to agriculture and study the physical-chemical properties of soil in Gonbad area of Hamedan province. Method: In this study, 6 soil samples were prepared from soil surface according to the type of land use change. After removing soil samples and preparing samples, some physicochemical properties of soil including Acidity, Electrical Conductivity, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Nitrogen, Potassium, Sodium, Organic Matter, Calcium and Magnesium were measured. In this research, Soil Texture was determined by hydrometric boiling, Acidity and Electrical Conductivity, using pH meter and EC meter, Organic Oatter using Walkley-Black, Calcium and Magnesium by titration, Sodium and Potassium using flame photometer and Nitrogen were measured by Kjeldahl method. Findings: After analyzing, it was determined that the change in the use of rangeland to agriculture caused a significant decrease in Acidity and Potassium at 5% and Organic Matter at 1% level. Average Nitrogen content in agricultural was 0.18% and in rangeland was 0.9% (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in Soil Texture components, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium with land use change. The amounts of Silt, Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium in rangelands were more than agriculture area. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the land use change causes changes in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. One of the most important changes was soil texture alteration caused by selective soil erosion.The results of this research showed the necessity of paying more attention to the development of land management and land use planning programs according to the capabilities of the studied area.

منابع و مأخذ:


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  10. Kiani, F., Jalalian, A., Pashaei, A., & Khademi, H.E. (2007). The role of deforestation, grazing and rangeland degradation on soil quality indices in loess lands of Golestan Province. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences - Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources. 11(41): 453-463. (In Persian).
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  23. Jin, K., Shen, J., Ashton, W, R., Dodd, I.C., Parry, M.A.J., & Whalley, W.R. (2013). How do roots elongate in a structured soil? Journal of Experimental Botany, 64 (15), 4761–4777.
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_||_

  1. Wali, M.K., Evrendilek, F., West, T., Watts, S., Pant, D., Gibbs, H., & McClead, B. (1999). Assessing terrestrial ecosystem sustainability: usefulness of regional carbon and nitrogen models. Natural Resources, 35, 20-33
    2.
  2. Hajabbasi, M.A., Besalatpour, A.A., & Melali, A.R. (2007). The effect of rangelands conversion on agricultural lands on some physical and chemical properties of soils of south and southwest isfahan. Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources, 11(42): 525-534. (In Persian).
    3.
  3. Fitzsimmons, M.J., Pennock, D.J., & Thorpe, J. (2004). Effects of deforestation on ecosystem carbon densities in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management, 188, 349-361.
    4.
  4. Izquierdo, A.E., & RicardoGrau, H. (2009). Agriculture adjustment, land-use transition and protected areas in Northwestern Argentina. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(2), 858-865.
    5.
  5. Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma, 123, 1-22.
    6.
  6. Fu, Y., Li, Zheng, G.L., Li, TH., & Zhang, T. (2017). Splash detachment and transport of loess aggregate fragments by raindrop action. Catena, 150, 154-160.
    7.
  7. Niknahad Ghormakhor, H., & Maramaei, M.M. (2011). Effects of land use changes on soil properties (Case Study: the Kechik catchment). Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 1(2): 81-96. (In Persian).
    8.
  8. Kizilkaya, R., & Dengiz, O. (2010). Variation of land use and land cover effects on some soil physico-chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activity. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 97(2), 15-24.
    9.
  9. Malekpour, B., Ahmadi, T., & Kazemi Mazandarani, S.S. (2011). Influence of rangeland change on physical and chemical properties of soil in Lakshak, Kojour, Noshahr. Journal of Natural Resources Science and Technology. 6 (3): 115-126. (In Persian).
    10.
  10. Kiani, F., Jalalian, A., Pashaei, A., & Khademi, H.E. (2007). The role of deforestation, grazing and rangeland degradation on soil quality indices in loess lands of Golestan Province. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences - Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources. 11(41): 453-463. (In Persian).
    11.
  11. Lemenih, M., Karltun, E., & Olsson, M. (2005). Assessing soil chemical and physical property responses to deforestation and subsequent cultivation in smallholders farming system in Ethiopia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 105, 373-386.
    12.
  12. Broumand, M., Ghajarsepanlou, M., Bahmanyar, M.A. & Salekguilani, S. (2015). Evaluation of the impact of land use change from forest to agriculture on some soil chemical properties (Case Study: Sari Zarinabad Area). Natural Geography Research. 47(3): 435-499. (In Persian).
    13.
  13. Celik, I. 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a Southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil and Tillage Research, 83, 270-277.
    14.
  14. Gholami, L., Davari, M., Nabiolahi, K., & Joneidi Jafari, H. (2016). The impact of land use change on some soil physical and chemical properties (Case Study: Baneh). Journal of Conservation of Soil and Water Resources. 5(3): 13-27. (In Persian).
    15.
  15. Hebert, K., Karam, A., & Parent, L. E. (1991). Mineralization of nitrogen and carbon in soils amended with composted manure. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 7, 336-361.
    16.
  16. Martinez-Mena, M., Lopez, J., Almagro, M., Boix-Fayos, V., & Albaladejo, J. (2008). Effect of Water Erosion and Cultivation on the Soil Carbon Stock in a Semiarid Area of South-East Spain. Soil and Tillage Research, 99, 119-129.
    17.
  17. Karimi, R., Salehi, M.H., & Reisi, F. (2012). The Impact of Land Use Change on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Safashehr Area of Fars Province, First National Wilderness Conference, Tehran - International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran. 4725 p. (In Persian).
    18.
  18. Carter, M.R. (2000). Soil Sampling and Method of Analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science, 651-657.
    19.
  19. Aguilar, R., Kelly, E.F., & Heil, R.D. (1988). Effect of cultivation on soils in northern Great Plains rangeland. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52, 1081-1085.
    20.
  20. Ajami, M., Khormali, F., & Ayoubi, Sh. (2008). Changes in some soil quality parameters due to land use change in different situations of loess soil in various land slope in East Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 39(1): 15-30. (In Persian).
    21.
  21. Bahrami, A. (2005). The effect of land use change on some physicochemical properties of soils, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Guilan. 82 p. (In Persian).
    22.
  22. Bewket, W., & Stroosnijder, I. (2003). Effects of agro- ecological land use succession on soil properties in Chemoga Watershed, Blue Nil Basins, Ethiopia. Geoderma, 111, 85-95.
    23.
  23. Jin, K., Shen, J., Ashton, W, R., Dodd, I.C., Parry, M.A.J., & Whalley, W.R. (2013). How do roots elongate in a structured soil? Journal of Experimental Botany, 64 (15), 4761–4777.
    24.

 

 

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