دستیابی به اصول طراحی رف های نوری با کارایی بالا در ساختمانهای آموزشی
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیربهاره سادات نصیری 1 , مهناز محمودی زرندی 2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده هنرومعماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: رف نوری, نور روز, کلاس آموزشی, معماری اقلیمی, نرم افزار دیوا,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه با توجه به بحران انرژی، مقوله بهره گیری از نور روز در طراحی معماری اهمیت زیادی پیدا کرده است. پرداختن به مقوله نور روز در فضاهای آموزشی نه تنها از نقطه نظر انرژی مورد توجه است بلکه به دلیل نقش محوری نور در ادراک بصری دانش آموزان و مطلوبیت فضای آموزشی حایز اهمیت می باشد. در این مقاله به رف نوری(Light shelf) به عنوان جزء الحاقی پنجره که نقش موثری در مطلوبیت روشنایی کلاس های آموزشی دارد پرداخته شده است. با توجه به کارکرد رف نوری در شرایط آسمان صاف و آفتابی و در نظر گرفتن تعدد مراکز آموزشی؛ شهر تهران به عنوان محل جغرافیایی مورد مطالعه انتخاب شد. روش بررسی : در این تحقیق با مبنا قرار دادن نتایج تحقیقات پیشین به عنوان اطلاعات پایه سعی گردید تا عمق مناسب برای رف نوری در فضای داخل و بیرون از پنجره در شهر تهران بدست آید. 6 تیپ رف نوری بر اساس نحوه قرارگیری رف و ارتفاع از کف تعریف گردید. روش تحقیق تحلیل کمی و شبیه سازی است. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش نرم افزار شبیه ساز دیوا (Diva for rhino) می باشد. حالات گوناگون قرارگیری رف نوری با بهره گیری از این نرم افزار مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت تا بتوان حالت بهینه تامین روشنایی توسط نور روز را از میان 6 حالت قرارگیری رف نوری انتخاب کرد. کارایی رف های نوری از طریق شبیه سازی و تاثیر آن بر میزان روشنایی در کلاس فرضی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. یافته ها : چنان چه صفحه رف نوری کاملا در فضای داخل کلاس قرار گیرد تاثیری در بهبود عملکرد روشنایی کلاس دیده نمی شود. در طراحی رف نوری الزاما باید بخشی از آن مانند یک سایبان در بیرون پنجره قرار گیرد تا توزیع نور و روشنایی بهبود یابد و مصرف انرژی برای تامین روشنایی کم شود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به آزمایشات صورت گرفته با نرم افزار شبیه ساز، چنان چه رف در فاصله 240 سانتی متری از کف باشد و موقعیت آن نیز در حالت میانی قرار گیرد (تیپ1)، بهترین نتیجه از نظر یکنواختی و کاهش خیرگی بدست می آید.
Background and Objective: Given the current energy crisis, daylight gained considerable momentum in architectural designs. Apart from energy efficiency considerations, the importance of using daylight in educational spaces is due to the pivotal role of light in visual perception of students and quality of educational spaces. This article addressed light shelves as window attachments with effective role in desirably lighting a classroom. Given the function of light shelves in clear and sunny climates and high number of educational centers in Tehran, this geographic area was selected to be investigated. Method: This research was founded on data from previous studies to determine the suitable depth of interior and exterior light shelves for window day lighting in this city. In this quantitative study, six types of light shelves with different layouts and heights from the floor were defined, and Diva for Rhino was used for simulation. These six light shelf layouts were analyzed by this software to determine the best one for providing the optimum day lighting. Performance of the light shelves was tested through simulation and their effects on the amount of light in a simulated classroom were examined. Findings: Results showed that all six light shelf layouts made the level of illumination bounce up and reduced energy consumption. Since the south side receives the most sunlight, south-facing light shelves are more efficient. Discussion and Conclusion: According to software simulations, the best results in terms of even illumination and glare reduction are achieved by using intermediate light shelves positioned 240 cm away from the floor (Type 1).
- Wohlfarth.H. Gates, K., 1985. The effects of color-psychodynamic environmental color and lighting modification of elementary schools on blood pressure and mood: A controlled study. International Journal of Biosocial Research, vol. 7, pp. 9–16.
- Joarder, R., .Ahmed, N.,2009. A Simulation Assessment of the Height of Lightshelves to Enhance Daylighting Quality in Tropical Office Buildings under Overcast sky Conditions INP Dhaka. Bangladesh.
- CIBSE, 1999.CIBSE Lighting Guide.LG10. Daylighting and window design. London. Chartered Institution
- Ghabbaklo, Z., 2013. Basics of building physics 5 (daylight), first edition. Jahad University Press, Amir Kabir Industrial Branch.( In Persian)
- Liliana, O. B., Lee, E.S., Papamichael, K. and Selkowitz, S., 1994. The design and evaluation three advanced daylighting systems: Light shelves, light pipes and skylights. Proceedings of the Solar 94’ Golden opportunities for solar prosperity, San Jose, 25-30 June.
- Zakhour, S,. 2015. the Influence of Selected Design Parameters on the Performance of Lightshelves under Overcast Conditions.
- Chae, W .Lee, H .Kim, Y., 2015. A Study on Performance Evaluation of Mixed Light shelf Type According to the Angle of Light shelf, International Journal of Smart Home.
- Baker, N. Steemers Koen. , 2002. Daylight Design of Buildings. London.
- CIE,. 1987, International Lighting Vocabulary. ,Commission.
- Ghiabaklo, z .Moazzeni, mh,. 2016. Investigating the influence of LightShelf Geometry Parametres on Daylight Performance and Visual Comfort, a Case Study of Educational Space in Tehran, Iran. Buildings. Available on: http://www.civilica.com/paper- AEBSCONF02_29.html.
- Winterbottom, M. Wilkins, A., 2009. Lighting and discomfort in the classroom, Journal of Environmental Psychology, pp. 63-75.
- Aghemo, C. Pellegrino, A., 2008.The approach to daylighting by scale models and sun and sky simulaators: A case study for diffrenent shading systems. BBUILDING AND Environment, Vol.43, pp. 917-927.
- IEA, SHC Task21, 2000. Daylight in Buildings. ECBCS Annex.
- Freewan.A, 2010. Maximizing the lightshelf performance by interaction between lightshelf geometries and a curved ceiling. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 51, pp. 1600-1604.
9. Dolatabadi, M,. 2013. Optimization of Energy Consumption by Increasing the Use of Daylight in Classrooms of Educational Buildings, Master's Thesis for Architecture, College of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
10. Ahadi, A, Khan Mohammadi, M., 2015. Better performance of students using proper daylight in classrooms; Case study: Faculty of Architecture, University of Science and Technology of Iran. Architectural and Urban Design Letter, Art University, Fall & Winter, No. 94, No. 15. (In Persian)
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- Wohlfarth.H. Gates, K., 1985. The effects of color-psychodynamic environmental color and lighting modification of elementary schools on blood pressure and mood: A controlled study. International Journal of Biosocial Research, vol. 7, pp. 9–16.
- Joarder, R., .Ahmed, N.,2009. A Simulation Assessment of the Height of Lightshelves to Enhance Daylighting Quality in Tropical Office Buildings under Overcast sky Conditions INP Dhaka. Bangladesh.
- CIBSE, 1999.CIBSE Lighting Guide.LG10. Daylighting and window design. London. Chartered Institution
- Ghabbaklo, Z., 2013. Basics of building physics 5 (daylight), first edition. Jahad University Press, Amir Kabir Industrial Branch.( In Persian)
- Liliana, O. B., Lee, E.S., Papamichael, K. and Selkowitz, S., 1994. The design and evaluation three advanced daylighting systems: Light shelves, light pipes and skylights. Proceedings of the Solar 94’ Golden opportunities for solar prosperity, San Jose, 25-30 June.
- Zakhour, S,. 2015. the Influence of Selected Design Parameters on the Performance of Lightshelves under Overcast Conditions.
- Chae, W .Lee, H .Kim, Y., 2015. A Study on Performance Evaluation of Mixed Light shelf Type According to the Angle of Light shelf, International Journal of Smart Home.
- Baker, N. Steemers Koen. , 2002. Daylight Design of Buildings. London.
- CIE,. 1987, International Lighting Vocabulary. ,Commission.
- Ghiabaklo, z .Moazzeni, mh,. 2016. Investigating the influence of LightShelf Geometry Parametres on Daylight Performance and Visual Comfort, a Case Study of Educational Space in Tehran, Iran. Buildings. Available on: http://www.civilica.com/paper- AEBSCONF02_29.html.
- Winterbottom, M. Wilkins, A., 2009. Lighting and discomfort in the classroom, Journal of Environmental Psychology, pp. 63-75.
- Aghemo, C. Pellegrino, A., 2008.The approach to daylighting by scale models and sun and sky simulaators: A case study for diffrenent shading systems. BBUILDING AND Environment, Vol.43, pp. 917-927.
- IEA, SHC Task21, 2000. Daylight in Buildings. ECBCS Annex.
- Freewan.A, 2010. Maximizing the lightshelf performance by interaction between lightshelf geometries and a curved ceiling. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 51, pp. 1600-1604.
9. Dolatabadi, M,. 2013. Optimization of Energy Consumption by Increasing the Use of Daylight in Classrooms of Educational Buildings, Master's Thesis for Architecture, College of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
10. Ahadi, A, Khan Mohammadi, M., 2015. Better performance of students using proper daylight in classrooms; Case study: Faculty of Architecture, University of Science and Technology of Iran. Architectural and Urban Design Letter, Art University, Fall & Winter, No. 94, No. 15. (In Persian)