تحلیل فضایی آلودگی در اروندرود با استفاده از GIS
محورهای موضوعی : سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایینسرین عبدالخانیان 1 , هیوا علمیزاده 2 , علی دادالهی سهراب 3 , احمد سواری 4 , محمد فیاض محمدی 5
1 - کارشناس ارشد محیط زیست دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران.
2 - استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران.* (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران.
4 - استاد بیولوژی، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران.
5 - مربی فیزیک دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران.
کلید واژه: تحلیل فضایی, اروندرود, آلودگی, GIS, مدل‌سازی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: اروندرود رودخانه پهناوری در جنوب غربی و در مرز ایران و عراق است که مورد تهدید انواع آلودگی ها از قبیل پساب های صنعتی، کودها، سموم شیمیایی و فاضلاب های شهری قرارگرفته که تأثیرات ناخوشایند بر روی محیط زیست و اکوسیستم دارد. هدف از این مطالعه تحلیل فضایی تغییرات آلودگی در اروندرود با استفاده از GIS می باشد. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق مدل سازی پخش آلودگی با استفاده از GIS در رودخانه اروندرود با استفاده از مدل سه‌بعدی و هیدرودینامیکی کوهیرنس استفاده‌شده که معادله پیوستگی، معادلات ناویراستوکس در سه بعد و معادله های انتقال شوری و دما به روش جداسازی حل می شوند. شرایط مرزی اعمال‌شده شامل تغییرات دما، شوری و دبی برای مرز باز رودخانه و تغییرات دما و شوری و اعمال مؤلفه‌های جزر و مدیO1,S2, M2 و K1برای مرز باز دریا در مدل بکار گرفته می شود. یافته ها: خروجی های مدل کوهیرنس که با فرمت NetCDF هستند را در محیط GIS فراخوانی می کنیم، سپس نقشه آلودگی مربوط به یک‌زمان خاص (حالت جزر یا مد) را ژئورفرنس می کنیم و درنهایت در محیط GIS، طبقه بندی می کنیم. بحث و نتیجه گیری: در این راستا تغییرات آلودگی رودخانه طبقه بندی و رودخانه اروند در مقیاس‌های 1 تا 5 رتبه بندی گردیده که رتبه 1 نشان دهنده کم ترین درجه آلودگی و رتبه 5 بیش ترین درجه آلودگی را نشان می دهد. با توجه به درصد پهنه تحت پوشش آلودگی در ایستگاه های مختلف مشاهده گردید که بیش ترین میزان آلودگی در ایستگاه اول در حالت مد و کم‌آبی با مقدار 27/32%، در ایستگاه دوم در حالت جزر و کم‌آبی با مقدار 87/32% و در ایستگاه سوم در حالت مد و پرآبی 48/28% است.
Background and Objectives: Arvand River is a vast river in the southwest and on the border of Iran and Iraq, which is threatened by a variety of pollutants such as industrial effluents, fertilizers, chemical toxins and municipal wastewater that have adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem. The purpose of this study is spatial analysis of pollution changes in Arvand River using GIS. Method: In this research, pollution distribution modeling using GIS in Arvandrud river has been used using three-dimensional and hydrodynamic model of Coherence. The continuity equation, Navira-Stokes equations in three dimensions and salinity and temperature transfer equations are solved by separation method. The applied boundary conditions include temperature, salinity and discharge changes for the open river boundary and temperature and salinity changes and the application of tidal components O1, S2, M2 and K1 for the open sea boundary are used in the model. Findings: We call the outputs of the Coherence model, which are in NetCDF format, in the GIS environment, then georeferences the contamination of a specific time (tidal mode), and finally classifies it in the GIS environment. Discussion and Conclusion: In this regard, the changes in the pollution of the taxonomic river and the Arvand River are classified on a scale of 1 to 5, with rank 1 indicating the lowest degree of pollution and rank 5 indicating the highest degree of pollution. According to the percentage of area covered by pollution in different stations, it was observed that the highest level of pollution in the first station in the mode of mode and low water with a value of 32.27%, in the second station in the state of low tide with a value of 32.87% And in the third station, it is 28.48% in fashionable and watery mode.
- Pennington, D. N., Dalzell, B., Nelson, E., Mulla, D., Taff, S., Hawthorne, P., & Polasky, S. (2017). Cost-effective Land Use Planning: Optimizing Land Use and Land Management Patterns to Maximize Social Benefits. Ecological Economics, 139, 75–90.
- Gao, P. P., Li, Y. P., Gong, J. W., & Huang, G. H. (2021). Urban land-use planning under multi-uncertainty and multiobjective considering ecosystem service value and economic benefit - A case study of Guangzhou, China. Ecological Complexity, 45, 100886.
- Maleki, J., Masoumi, Z., Hakimpour, F., & Coello Coello, C. A. (2020). A spatial land-use planning support system based on game theory. Land Use Policy, 99, 105013.
- Le Bivic, C., & Melot, R. (2020). Scheduling urbanization in rural municipalities: Local practices in land-use planning on the fringes of the Paris region. Land Use Policy, 99, 105040.
- Ioki, K., Din, N. M., Ludwig, R., James, D., Hue, S. W., Johari, S. A., Phua, M.-H. (2019). Supporting forest conservation through community-based land use planning and participatory GIS – lessons from Crocker Range Park, Malaysian Borneo. Journal for Nature Conservation, 52, 125740.
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- Hadipour, W., 2011, Presenting the method of determining the sensitivity of coastal areas to oil pollution (Case study of coasts of Mazandaran province), Master Thesis in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi University of Technology. (In Persian)
- Luyten, P. J., Jones, J. E., Proctor, R., Tabor, A., Tett, P., and Wild- Allen, K. 1999. COHERENS- A coupled hydrodynamical -ecological model for regional and shelf seas: user documentation، MUMM Rep, Management Unit of the Mathematical Models of the North Sea.
- Mahmoudian, M., 2013, Distribution of suspended sediments based on tidal phases in Arvand estuary, Master Thesis in Marine Physics, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology. (In Persian)
- Admiralty tide table u port No.4268 "Arvand Rood" Hydrographic of the Navy, 2008.
- Alessi, C. A., Hunt، H. D. and Bower, A. S. 1999. Hydrographic data from the U. S. NavalOceanographic Office: Persian Gulf, southern Red Sea. And Arabian Sea 1923 – 1996, Tech. Rep. WHOI-99-02, Woods Hole Oceanography. Inst., woods Hole, Mass.
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- Pennington, D. N., Dalzell, B., Nelson, E., Mulla, D., Taff, S., Hawthorne, P., & Polasky, S. (2017). Cost-effective Land Use Planning: Optimizing Land Use and Land Management Patterns to Maximize Social Benefits. Ecological Economics, 139, 75–90.
- Gao, P. P., Li, Y. P., Gong, J. W., & Huang, G. H. (2021). Urban land-use planning under multi-uncertainty and multiobjective considering ecosystem service value and economic benefit - A case study of Guangzhou, China. Ecological Complexity, 45, 100886.
- Maleki, J., Masoumi, Z., Hakimpour, F., & Coello Coello, C. A. (2020). A spatial land-use planning support system based on game theory. Land Use Policy, 99, 105013.
- Le Bivic, C., & Melot, R. (2020). Scheduling urbanization in rural municipalities: Local practices in land-use planning on the fringes of the Paris region. Land Use Policy, 99, 105040.
- Ioki, K., Din, N. M., Ludwig, R., James, D., Hue, S. W., Johari, S. A., Phua, M.-H. (2019). Supporting forest conservation through community-based land use planning and participatory GIS – lessons from Crocker Range Park, Malaysian Borneo. Journal for Nature Conservation, 52, 125740.
- Oguchi, T, Jarvie, HP, 2000. River water quality in Humber catchment: an introduction using GIS-based mapping and analysis, Sci Total Environ.
- Abrishamchi, A., M. Tajrishi and k. Noroozian 2001. Rivers Quality Zoning Based on Analysis of Fuzzy Classification. A Case Study of Zayandehrood River. Esteghlal, 20(1):55-68.
- Fataei, E. 2007. River Quality Zooning Based on Water Quality index (A Case Study of Astara River). The First Conference Compatibility with Dehydration.
- Karimian, A., N. Jafarzadeh, R. Nabizadeh and M. Afkhami 2008. Zoning and Evaloation of Parameters of Zohreh River Water Hydrochemical Using WQI. 2nd National Conference on Operation & Maintenance of Water & WasteWater Systems.
- Khoshravan, H., (2004). Hazardous classification of polluting sources of rivers and coastal areas of Gilan province in GIS environment, 6th International Conference on Coasts, Ports and Marine Structures, Tehran, Ports and Maritime Organization. (In Persian)
- Reynolds R.M., 1993. Physical Oceanography of the persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and the Gulf of Oman-Results from the Mt Mitchell Expedition, Mar Pollution Bull., 27, 35-59.
- Patrick J.Luyten, John Eric Jones, Roger Proctor, Andy Tabor, Paul Tett and Karen Wild-Allen; 1999. "A.Coupled Hydrodynamical-Ecological Model for Regional and Shelf Seas Release 8.4"; User Guide (p.d.f).
- Bingchen, L., Huajun, L. and Aiqun, W., 2008. Aplication of COHERENS-SED in modeling, contaminant transport of Yangpu Bay Chinese-German Joint Symposium on Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, August 24-30, Darmstadt, 159-163.
- Hakimzadeh, H., 2012, Numerical modeling of oil release in order to prepare a hazard map on the Persian Gulf using Mike 3 software, Master Thesis in Marine Physics, University of Isfahan. (In Persian)
- Mahmoudi, S.M., 2007, Pollution modeling in the Persian Gulf with the Coherence model, Master Thesis in Marine Physics, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology. (In Persian)
- Hadipour, W., 2011, Presenting the method of determining the sensitivity of coastal areas to oil pollution (Case study of coasts of Mazandaran province), Master Thesis in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi University of Technology. (In Persian)
- Luyten, P. J., Jones, J. E., Proctor, R., Tabor, A., Tett, P., and Wild- Allen, K. 1999. COHERENS- A coupled hydrodynamical -ecological model for regional and shelf seas: user documentation، MUMM Rep, Management Unit of the Mathematical Models of the North Sea.
- Mahmoudian, M., 2013, Distribution of suspended sediments based on tidal phases in Arvand estuary, Master Thesis in Marine Physics, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology. (In Persian)
- Admiralty tide table u port No.4268 "Arvand Rood" Hydrographic of the Navy, 2008.
- Alessi, C. A., Hunt، H. D. and Bower, A. S. 1999. Hydrographic data from the U. S. NavalOceanographic Office: Persian Gulf, southern Red Sea. And Arabian Sea 1923 – 1996, Tech. Rep. WHOI-99-02, Woods Hole Oceanography. Inst., woods Hole, Mass.